{"id":14,"date":"2023-02-28T04:06:55","date_gmt":"2023-02-28T01:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/?p=14"},"modified":"2023-04-21T01:38:01","modified_gmt":"2023-04-20T22:38:01","slug":"giresun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/?p=14","title":{"rendered":"Giresun"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"F\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n
F\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fkenti, kiraz\u0131n anavatan\u0131 Giresun.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan Giresun ili, 37,50 ve 39,12 do\u011fu boylamlar\u0131 ile 40,07 ve 41,08 kuzey enlemleri aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130l do\u011fusunda Trabzon ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ordu, g\u00fcneyinde Sivas ve Erzincan, g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yine Sivas illeriyle kom\u015fu olup, kuzeyi Karadeniz ile ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun ili, 6934 kilometrekarelik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n binde 8.5\u2019ini kaplamaktad\u0131r. 2022 Adrese Dayal\u0131 N\u00fcfus Kay\u0131t Sistemi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; 225.687 kad\u0131n, 225.175 erkek olmak \u00fczere ilin toplam n\u00fcfusu 450.862\u2019dir. N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde il ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde iken, bu oran, k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinden i\u00e7 kesimlere do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e belirgin bir \u015fekilde il ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130l merkezi, Aksu ve Batlama vadileri aras\u0131nda denize do\u011fru uzanan bir yar\u0131mada \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olup, bu yar\u0131madan\u0131n do\u011fusunda ve 2 kilometre a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019in tek adas\u0131 olan Giresun Adas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun ilinin Merkez il\u00e7e ile beraber toplam 16 il\u00e7esi, 8 beldesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Giresun il\u00e7eleri alfabetik s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re; Alucra, Bulancak, \u00c7amoluk, \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131, Dereli, Do\u011fankent, Espiye, Eynesil, G\u00f6rele, G\u00fcce, Ke\u015fap, Merkez, Piraziz, \u015eebinkarahisar, Tirebolu, Ya\u011fl\u0131dere il\u00e7eleridir. Giresun\u2019un Ayd\u0131ndere (Bulancak), \u00c7avu\u015flu (G\u00f6rele) Duro\u011flu (Giresun), Kovanl\u0131k (Bulancak), \u00d6ren (Eynesil), So\u011fukp\u0131nar (Espiye), \u00dc\u00e7tepe (Ya\u011fl\u0131dere), Yavuzkemal (Dereli) olmak \u00fczere 8 beldesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun Merkez il\u00e7esine 33 mahalle ve 53 k\u00f6y ba\u011fl\u0131 bulununmaktad\u0131r. Giresun Merkez il\u00e7esi mahalleleri: Aksu Mahallesi, Ayd\u0131nlar Mahallesi, Cumhuriyet Mahallesi, \u00c7a\u011flayan Mahallesi, \u00c7aykara Mahallesi, \u00c7\u0131narlar Mahallesi, \u00c7\u0131tlakkale Mahallesi, Demirci Mahallesi, Erikliman Mahallesi, Fevzi \u00c7akmak Mahallesi, Gaziler Mahallesi, Gedikkaya Mahallesi, Gemiler\u00e7eke\u011fi Mahallesi, G\u00fcre Mahallesi, Hac\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Mahallesi, Hac\u0131miktat Mahallesi, Hac\u0131siyam Mahallesi, Homurlu Mahallesi, Kale Mahallesi, Kapu Mahallesi, Kavaklar Mahallesi, Kayadibi Mahallesi, Konac\u0131k Mahallesi, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckk\u00f6y Mahallesi, Nizamiye Mahallesi, Osmaniye Mahallesi, Samanl\u0131kk\u0131ran\u0131 Mahallesi, Selde\u011firmeni Mahallesi, Sultan Selim Mahallesi, \u015eeyhkeramettin Mahallesi, Tekke Mahallesi, Teyyared\u00fcz\u00fc Mahallesi, Yal\u0131 Mahallesi. Giresun merkez k\u00f6yleri: Ak\u00e7al\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc, Ak\u0131nc\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc, Akk\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, Al\u0131nca K\u00f6y\u00fc, Anbaralan K\u00f6y\u00fc, Bar\u00e7a K\u00f6y\u00fc, Bar\u00e7a\u00e7ak\u0131rl\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc, Bayaz\u0131t K\u00f6y\u00fc, Boztekke K\u00f6y\u00fc, Burhaniye K\u00f6y\u00fc, Camili K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7alda\u011f K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7aml\u0131k K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7and\u0131r K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7i\u00e7ekli K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7im\u015fir K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00c7ukurk\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, Dar\u0131k\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, Ergence K\u00f6y\u00fc, Erikliman\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc, Esentepe K\u00f6y\u00fc, Evrenk\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, Gedikli K\u00f6y\u00fc, G\u00fcney K\u00f6y\u00fc, G\u00fcrk\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, G\u00fcve\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc, Hamidiye K\u00f6y\u00fc, Hisargeri\u015f K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u0130ncegeri\u015f K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u0130ni\u015fdibi K\u00f6y\u00fc, Karaali K\u00f6y\u00fc, Kemaliye K\u00f6y\u00fc, Lapa K\u00f6y\u00fc, Melikli K\u00f6y\u00fc, Mesudiye K\u00f6y\u00fc, Ok\u00e7u K\u00f6y\u00fc, Orhaniye K\u00f6y\u00fc, Ortak\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, P\u0131nar\u00e7ukuru K\u00f6y\u00fc, Sarvan K\u00f6y\u00fc, Sayca K\u00f6y\u00fc, Seyitk\u00f6y K\u00f6y\u00fc, S\u0131vac\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc, Sultaniye K\u00f6y\u00fc, Uzgur K\u00f6y\u00fc, Uzkara K\u00f6y\u00fc, \u00dclper K\u00f6y\u00fc, Ya\u011fmurca K\u00f6y\u00fc, Yayk\u0131nl\u0131k K\u00f6y\u00fc, Yazl\u0131k K\u00f6y\u00fc, Yenicehisar K\u00f6y\u00fc, Yukar\u0131al\u0131nl\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim \u00f6zellikleri ve do\u011fa bitkisi \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Giresun\u2019un kuzey ve g\u00fcney k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir. Da\u011flar denize paralel uzanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6rt mevsim ye\u015fil bir \u00f6rt\u00fcyle kapl\u0131 olan Giresun arazisinin % 34\u2019\u00fc orman, % 25\u2019i tar\u0131m (\u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131), % 18\u2019i \u00e7ay\u0131r ve mera, % 25\u2019i tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 aland\u0131r. \u0130lin g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerinde daha \u00e7ok bozk\u0131r bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fal ve tarih\u00ee de\u011ferler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan turizme olduk\u00e7a elveri\u015fli bulunan Giresun\u2019un bakir ormanlar\u0131, yaylalar\u0131 ve akarsular\u0131 herkesin ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaylalar\u0131n iklimi, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve ula\u015f\u0131m imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n elveri\u015fli olmas\u0131 \u201cyayla turizmi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaylalar maden sular\u0131 ve akarsular y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de olduk\u00e7a zengindir. \u00c7alda\u011f, \u0130ni\u015fdibi k\u00f6yleri ve Tamdere, maden sular\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"M\u00d6
M\u00d6 695\u2019te Giresun\u2019un da dahil oldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde ilk T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fimciler g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

TAR\u0130H \u00d6NCES\u0130 D\u00d6NEMDE G\u0130RESUN<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun, Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki \u015fehirler i\u00e7erisinde tarih \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden itibaren isk\u00e2n izlerine rastlan\u0131lan bir kenttir. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 K\u00f6kten\u2019in 1952\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda \u015fehirde 4 tane ma\u011fara yerle\u015fimi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte Samsun\u2019da 18, Ordu\u2019da 25, Trabzon\u2019da 34, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane\u2019de 22 ma\u011faran\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki Prehistorik d\u00f6nem isk\u00e2n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Giresun ve \u00e7evresinin fazla ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Bunun en \u00f6nemli sebebi olarak y\u00f6redeki tarih \u00f6ncesi yerle\u015fmelerin daha \u00e7ok K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak-Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak-Melet Suyu ile De\u011firmendere nehri etraf\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ve Giresun\u2019daki akarsu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeyle ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flama hususunda yetersiz kalmas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane ise maden yataklar\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Rize ve Artvin\u2019de hi\u00e7 prehistorik d\u00f6nem yerle\u015fimine rastlanamamas\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin g\u00fcneyinin be\u015fer\u00ee tesise imk\u00e2n vermeyecek bir co\u011fraf\u00ee yap\u0131da olmas\u0131 ve Giresun\u2019un geride kalmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlayan yukar\u0131da bahsedilen sebepten kaynaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 yerlerde Neolitik d\u00f6nemle birlikte elde edilen arkeolojik malzemelerden Orta Anadolu ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim birimleri aras\u0131nda bu kaynaklar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla irtibat bulundu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O sebeple Giresun\u2019da rastlan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli \u00f6ren yeri \u015fehrin g\u00fcneyinde, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak boylar\u0131na bakan kesimindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TAR\u0130H\u00ce KAYITLARDA B\u00d6LGEN\u0130N \u0130LK YERLE\u015e\u0130MC\u0130LER\u0130<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019un ismi bilinen ilk sakinleri, Hititlerin \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f\u0131 olan Ga\u015fkalard\u0131r. Bu toplulu\u011fun M\u00d6 XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. M\u00d6 VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar devam eden bu d\u00f6nem hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiler Hitit kay\u0131tlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve onlar da genel itibariyle Ga\u015fkalar\u0131n kendilerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131nlardan s\u00f6z eder. Ga\u015fkalar\u0131n, bahsedilen devirde Dicle boylar\u0131 ile K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak\u2019\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131na inmesinden sonra Giresun, Orta Asya\u2019dan gelen topluluklar\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131na girecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131da ba\u015flayan, oradan da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye intikal eden \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f\u2019daki baz\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n men\u015fei ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu topluluklar i\u00e7erisinde Subarular, S\u00fcmerler, Kimmerler, \u0130skitler (Sakalar), Etr\u00fcskler ba\u015fta gelmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar s\u00fcren bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde tarafs\u0131z ilim \u00e7evreleri, yukar\u0131daki topluluklar\u0131n bilhassa da Kimmer ve \u0130skitlerin T\u00fcrkl\u00fckle bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu topluluklardan Kimmerlerin, M\u00d6 695\u2019te \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu\u2019nun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Giresun\u2019un da dahil oldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131yla b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131labilir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u00fczy\u0131l devam eden Kimmer h\u00e2kimiyeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fehrin durumu hakk\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgeye koloni kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Greklerin bu topluluktan \u00e7ekindi\u011fi i\u00e7in y\u00f6reye gelemedi\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kaynaklarda bilgi yoktur. \u015eebinkarahisar\u2019daki baz\u0131 in ve ma\u011faralardaki birtak\u0131m eserlerle Yukar\u0131 G\u00f6rede ve Gelenge\u00e7 k\u00f6yleri aras\u0131ndaki h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Kimmerlerden kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de bu hususta ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Tirebolu ad\u0131n\u0131n bir Kimmer boyu olan Drillerden geldi\u011fi bilgisi de tarih\u00ee kay\u0131tlarla desteklenmez. Kimmerler M\u00d6 585\u2019ten itibaren \u0130skit bask\u0131s\u0131 sebebiyle yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Karadeniz\u2019in kuzeyine \u00e7\u0131karak b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmekle birlikte, b\u00f6lgedeki T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130skit h\u00e2kimiyetiyle birlikte devam etmi\u015ftir. Grek kaynaklar\u0131ndan, b\u00f6lgedeki \u0130skit denetiminin Sinop\u2019tan Trabzon\u2019a kadar uzad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Yunan
Yunan mitolojisinde Giresun adas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130skit kad\u0131nlar toplulu\u011fu Amazonlardan bahsedilmektedir.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

KOLON\u0130ZASYONDAN SEL\u00c7UKLU H\u00c2K\u0130M\u0130YET\u0130NE G\u0130RESUN<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki \u0130skit h\u00e2kimiyeti s\u00fcrerken, ilki Sinop\u2019ta olmak \u00fczere y\u00f6rede ticaret kolonileri kurulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Greklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan b\u00f6lgeye gelen koloniciler, ticaretin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6lgedeki maden yataklar\u0131 ile de yak\u0131ndan ilgilenmi\u015flerdir. D\u00f6nemin tarih ve co\u011frafya kaynaklar\u0131 kolonicilerle, y\u00f6redeki \u0130skit bakiyeleri aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fcnasebetlerin ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na girmemekle birlikte \u00f6zellikle Grek tarih\u00e7ileri, kolonicilerle T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan k\u0131smen de olsa bahsederler. Bu d\u00f6nemin di\u011fer bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar devam eden \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla Do\u011fu Karadeniz tarihinin bu kesiminin ilm\u00ee zeminden uzak, ideolojik ya da mitolojik esasl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek seyrinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 devir olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yunanistan\u2019da ve baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda b\u00f6lgedeki ticaret kolonilerinin kurulu\u015fu \u0130skit, hatta Kimmer \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak y\u00f6renin tarihini Greklerle ya da Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019dan b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6\u00e7 eden unsurlarla ba\u015flatma e\u011filimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sapt\u0131rmada, d\u00f6neme ait arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n olmamas\u0131ndan faydalanan baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n Yunan mitolojisi temelinde tarih yazmas\u0131 esas te\u015fkil eder. Oysa ba\u015fta Herodotus, Plinius, Arrianus olmak \u00fczere tarih kaynaklar\u0131 kolonicilerden \u00f6nce \u0130skitlerin b\u00f6lgede bulundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kaydetmektedir. Bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131 esas alan de Morgan, Lebeau gibi \u015farkiyat\u00e7\u0131lar, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin ilk ahalisini Turanl\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rarak b\u00f6lgenin T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne at\u0131fta bulunmu\u015ftur. Kald\u0131 ki Yunan mitolojisinde de Terme ve Giresun adas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130skit kad\u0131nlar toplulu\u011fu Amazonlardan uzun uzad\u0131ya bahsedilmektedir. O sebeple g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rma eserlerinde rastlan\u0131lan bu t\u00fcr bilgiler, ilm\u00ee temeli olmayan iddialar olarak kabul edilmelidir. B\u00f6lgede kolonizasyon d\u00f6nemiyle ilgili arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bu iddialar\u0131n tam anlam\u0131yla cevaplanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Samsun\u2019da 2006\u2019da tesad\u00fcfen bulunan \u0130skit kurgan\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemli bir i\u015farettir. Giresun ve \u00e7evresinde yap\u0131lacak kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla kolonizasyon \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6neme ait elde edilebilecek arkeolojik malzemeler, tarih\u00ee kay\u0131tlar\u0131n do\u011frulan\u0131p \u015fehir tarihi hakk\u0131ndaki \u00e7arp\u0131tmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn kesilmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolonizasyon d\u00f6neminde Giresun\u2019un durumu hakk\u0131nda kaynaklardaki bilgiler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki, \u015fehrin bu d\u00f6neminin ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak Giresun\u2019un isminin kayna\u011f\u0131 hususundaki karma\u015fa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenememi\u015ftir. \u015eehrin ad\u0131n\u0131n Grek\u00e7e kiraz anlam\u0131na gelen Kerasus\u2019tan t\u00fcremesi pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir. Zira Grekler b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131nda kendilerinden \u00f6nce var olan yer isimlerini kendi dillerine uygun hale getirerek kullanm\u0131\u015flar, pek az \u015fehre kendileri isim vermi\u015flerdir. Ba\u015fta A. Bryer \u2013 D. Winfield, P. Wittek olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer adlar\u0131yla ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda, b\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011fu Karadeniz sahili boyunca ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni Grek\u00e7e olan en b\u00fcy\u00fck yerle\u015fim yerleri, Tripolis (Tirebolu) ve Pavrae (Bafra)\u2019d\u0131r. Onun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fehir isimleri, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Kerasus ad\u0131 da Grek\u00e7e k\u00f6kenli de\u011fildir; Grekler, kendilerinden \u00f6nce kullan\u0131lan bir ismi bu hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak Kerasus adl\u0131 \u015fehrin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Giresun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu da pek a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. Ksenophon\u2019un yazd\u0131klar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, 401\u2019de \u0130ran ordusuna ma\u011flup olan Grekler \u00fclkelerine Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerinden d\u00f6nerken, Kerasus ad\u0131 verilen \u015fehir Trabzon\u2019dan yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck uzakl\u0131ktad\u0131r ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc yer olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. M. Golo\u011flu\u2019nun vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, Pontos kral\u0131 I. Pharnakos\u2019un (M\u00d6 190\u2013169) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Giresun\u2019da, kendi ismine izafeten Pharnakia isimli bir \u015fehir kurdu\u011fu, bir as\u0131r sonra kolonicilerin buray\u0131 Kerasus olarak adland\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek daha makuld\u00fcr. Strabon\u2019un milad\u0131n be\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinde Ordu\u2019dan sonra Pharnakia isimli bir \u015fehirden bahsetmesi, Kerasus\u2019u ise Trabzon\u2019dan \u00f6nceki koloni olarak zikretmesi bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi do\u011frular. Bu d\u00f6nemle ilgili son bilgi kirlili\u011fi, \u015fehirdeki koloninin ne zaman ve kimler taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011fu hususundad\u0131r. Son d\u00f6nemde yay\u0131mlanan baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Giresun\u2019da kurulan ilk ticaret kolonisinin M\u00d6 VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir. Oysa Grek kaynaklar\u0131nda Kimmer ve \u0130skit h\u00e2kimiyetleri sebebiyle b\u00f6lgeye koloni kuramad\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden kentte b\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 ancak \u0130skit h\u00e2kimiyetinin zay\u0131flama devresinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir ki; o da yukar\u0131da iddia edilen tarihten en az iki as\u0131r sonra olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan \u015fehirdeki koloninin kurucular\u0131 konusunda da \u00e7e\u015fitli isimler ortaya at\u0131lsa da kaynaklar, Giresun\u2019da ilk ticaret merkezini kuranlar\u0131n Miletoslular oldu\u011funu i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019daki ticaret kolonisi, Sinop ve Trabzon\u2019dan sonra kurulmu\u015ftur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc koloninin Samsun mu yoksa Giresun mu oldu\u011fu hususunda farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ileri s\u00fcrse de sonu\u00e7ta b\u00f6lgenin do\u011fu ve bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki iki koloni aras\u0131nda yeni bir ticaret merkezi olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak Eski\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan itibaren b\u00f6lgenin ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131n Samsun-Havza hatt\u0131yla \u0130\u00e7 Anadolu ve Mezopotamya\u2019ya, Kop ge\u00e7idinden Aras ve F\u0131rat havzalar\u0131na, oradan da \u0130ran, Basra ve \u0130skenderun k\u00f6rfezlerine ba\u011flanmas\u0131 Sinop, Samsun ve Trabzon\u2019un ticar\u00ee \u00f6nemini art\u0131r\u0131rken, Giresun fazla geli\u015fememi\u015ftir. Ksenophon\u2019un, \u015fehrin Sinop\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 bir koloni oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ifadesi de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc teyit eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolonile\u015fme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda Giresun\u2019un ahalisi hakk\u0131nda kaynaklarda yer alan bilgiler, Greklerin sadece ticaret merkezlerinde odakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u015fehrin da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerinin ve \u00e7evresinin Grek\u00e7e konu\u015fmayan topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan yurt tutuldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Karyandl\u0131 Skylax\u2019\u0131n M\u00d6 508 ya da 506 tarihli kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan, Giresun\u2019un do\u011fusundaki da\u011fl\u0131k alanda Mosinik, sahil kesiminde Tibaren ve Khalyb, bat\u0131s\u0131nda ise Assyrial\u0131lar ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r sonra Ksenophon\u2019un aktard\u0131klar\u0131ndan, Mosiniklerin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirerek biraz daha bat\u0131ya kayd\u0131klar\u0131, \u015fehir merkezinde Kolhlarla, daha bat\u0131da da yine Khalyblerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Mihridates hanedan\u0131 d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6lgenin demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 mevcut durumunu korurken, Strabon\u2019un kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda, Khalyblerin \u015fehrin da\u011fl\u0131k kesimine \u00e7ekildi\u011fi, burada Tibaren ve Makronlarla birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Mosiniklerin ise \u015fehrin do\u011fu kesimini yurt tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Plinius ise miladi birinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na ait eserinde bu topluluklardan yaln\u0131zca ikisinin, Tibaren ve Mosiniklerin \u015fehirde bulundu\u011funu yazar. Yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca Grek dilli olmayan halklar\u0131n yurt tuttu\u011fu bir \u015fehir olan Giresun\u2019un koloni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki demografik yap\u0131s\u0131 b\u00f6yle seyretmi\u015ftir. Yukar\u0131da i\u015faret edildi\u011fi \u00fczere baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6lgenin ilk ahalisini Turan\u00ee \u0131rktan saymas\u0131, onlardan sonra gelen pek \u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131n\u0131n bu topluluklar\u0131 T\u00fcrk kabul etmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde dilcilerin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da b\u00f6lgede Pe\u00e7enek ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklara ait \u00e7e\u015fitli izler tespit edilmi\u015fti. Ancak elde bulunan tarih\u00ee malzeme, bu hususu ayd\u0131nlatmaya yetecek vas\u0131fta de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer taraftan, Hititler d\u00f6neminden sonra Giresun\u2019un T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan yurt tutulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, Grek kolonicilerden \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrklerin bulundu\u011fu, yakla\u015f\u0131k alt\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca \u015fehrin Grek k\u00f6kenli olmayan topluluklarca dolu oldu\u011fu da a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019un kolonizasyon d\u00f6neminden XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar olan tarihi hakk\u0131nda kaynaklardaki bilgi azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle bu devir yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolonile\u015fme ile birlikte Giresun\u2019un, b\u00f6lgedeki di\u011fer merkezler gibi bir \u015fehir devleti oldu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir. M\u00d6 VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Trabzon\u2019un, Perslerin on dokuzuncu eyaletine dahil oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Ancak Giresun\u2019un bu h\u00e2kimiyet i\u00e7erisinde yer al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karanl\u0131ktad\u0131r. E. Janssens, co\u011fraf\u00ee engellerden dolay\u0131 Pers yay\u0131lmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Giresun\u2019un ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedir. Ancak \u015fehrin, M\u00d6 334\u2019te Makedonyal\u0131lar\u0131n denetimine girdi\u011fi kaynaklarda yer almaktad\u0131r. Makedonyal\u0131 \u0130skender\u2019in M\u00d6 323\u2019te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra kurdu\u011fu devletin par\u00e7alanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Giresun\u2019un da i\u00e7erisinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi, onun yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan Eumenes\u2019in idaresine verilmi\u015fti. Bundan sonra \u0130skender\u2019in generallerinin h\u00e2kimiyet m\u00fccadelesine sahne olan b\u00f6lge, Romal\u0131lara kadar, Amasya merkez olmak \u00fczere M\u00d6 298\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve \u0130skender\u2019in valili\u011fini yapm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130ran k\u00f6kenli Mihridates ailesi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Pontos Devleti\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na dahil olmu\u015ftur. Anadolu\u2019yu Romal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 savunan bu ailenin ve kurduklar\u0131 devletin Greklikle, Yunanl\u0131l\u0131kla hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yoktur. Baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda M\u00d6 I. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan bu devletle Milli M\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Pontus isyan\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulmas\u0131 ve binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bir hayalin yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bilgiler, Giresun tarihinin yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan birisidir. M\u00d6 183\u2019te Mihridateslerin \u015fehre h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131ndan sonra Giresun, \u00f6nemli bir madencilik merkezi haline gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6rede Pharnakia isimli \u015fehrin kurulmas\u0131 da bu y\u0131llarda olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bu h\u00e2kimiyet uzun s\u00fcreli olmam\u0131\u015f, M\u00d6 172\u2019de Romal\u0131lar kenti zapt etmi\u015ftir. Zaman zaman iki taraf aras\u0131nda el de\u011fi\u015ftiren \u015fehir, M\u00d6 47\u2019de Romal\u0131lar\u0131n Mihridatesleri bozguna u\u011fratmas\u0131ndan sonra niha\u00ee olarak Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lgedeki Roma ordular\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130skitlerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kay\u0131tlar, Giresun ve \u00e7evresinde T\u00fcrk varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Roma d\u00f6neminde de devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Di\u011fer yandan, Romal\u0131 kumandan Lukullus\u2019un M\u00d6 70\u2019de Giresun\u2019dan g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kiraz fidanlar\u0131 ile Avrupa\u2019da bu meyvenin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki kay\u0131t da dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. D\u00f6rt as\u0131rdan fazla bir s\u00fcre devam eden bu h\u00e2kimiyet, 395\u2019ten sonra ikiye ayr\u0131lan imparatorlu\u011fun do\u011fu kanad\u0131, yani Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan devam ettirilecektir. B\u00f6lgedeki Bizans h\u00e2kimiyetiyle ilgili kaynaklarda genel itibariyle Trabzon\u2019un yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu sebeple bahse konu d\u00f6nemde Giresun\u2019la alakal\u0131 bilgilerin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulamak gerekir. Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde X. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Trabzon merkez olmak \u00fczere kurulan Kaldia eyaletine ba\u011flanan Giresun\u2019un Grek\u00e7e bilmeyen ahalisi, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun VI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 resm\u00ee din, Grek\u00e7e\u2019yi de ibadet dili haline getirmesinin sonucunda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde asimile olmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece Ortodoksluk potas\u0131nda eriyip giden bu topluluklar, daha sonra Rum ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan unsur i\u00e7erisinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6lgedeki Bizans h\u00e2kimiyeti XI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar devam ederken, bu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015flayan O\u011fuz yerle\u015fimi, \u015fehrin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc etnik ve sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da \u015fekillenmesine zemin te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"K\u0131p\u00e7ak
K\u0131p\u00e7ak T\u00fcrklerinin 12\u2019nci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Giresun\u2019a kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki yer isimlerinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

SEL\u00c7UKLULAR D\u00d6NEM\u0130<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019un T\u00fcrk yurdu olmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde 1071 Malazgirt Zaferi d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Zira bu sava\u015ftan sonra Marmara k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar olan b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lan T\u00fcrkmenler, Giresun \u015fehrinin g\u00fcneyindeki da\u011fl\u0131k b\u00f6lgeyi de yurt tutmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kalabal\u0131k O\u011fuz boylar\u0131 Do\u011fu Anadolu\u2019dan Orta Anadolu\u2019ya gelirken kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru takip ettikleri g\u00fczerg\u00e2h i\u00e7erisinde, \u00c7oruh nehrinin kayna\u011f\u0131ndan itibaren Karadeniz sahilinde Giresun\u2019a kadar uzanan y\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. \u0130kinci yol ise b\u00fct\u00fcn Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak havzas\u0131n\u0131 kaplad\u0131ktan sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l\u0131rmak b\u00f6lgesine ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu i\u00e7lerine kadar uzanmaktayd\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu iki yol \u00fczerinde bulunan Giresun\u2019un k\u0131rl\u0131k kesimi, Malazgirt Zaferi\u2019nin hemen ertesinde T\u00fcrk siyas\u00ee te\u015fekk\u00fclleri taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dani\u015fmendli Beyli\u011fi 1071 \u2013 1175 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Niksar merkez olmak \u00fczere kurulup T\u00fcrk h\u00e2kimiyetini Ankara-\u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131-Kastamonu \u00e7evresine geni\u015fletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00fcney kesimlerini de h\u00e2kimiyet sahas\u0131na katmas\u0131n\u0131 bilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk fetihler s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki bilgiler a\u00e7\u0131k olmamakla birlikte Samsun \u015fehrinin surlar\u0131na dayanan Dani\u015fmendli h\u00e2kimiyetinin, do\u011fuda Ordu ve Giresun\u2019un g\u00fcneyindeki k\u0131rl\u0131k sahay\u0131 da i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Giresun\u2019da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren Dani\u015fmendli ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u00f6yler bu d\u00f6nemin izi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n b\u00f6lgede siyas\u00ee birli\u011fi sa\u011flamas\u0131ndan sonra Giresun\u2019daki T\u00fcrk isk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n daha da h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu geli\u015fmenin bir neticesi olarak Sultan II. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Arslan (1155-1192) devrinde, Samsun-Trabzon aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131rl\u0131k b\u00f6lgenin tamamen Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n denetimine girdi\u011fi Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrkmen isk\u00e2n\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda neden Giresun \u015fehir merkezinin tercih edilmedi\u011fi ve bunun i\u00e7in faaliyette bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunun iktisad\u00ee ve sosyal olmak \u00fczere iki temel cevab\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130ktisad\u00ee olarak hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayanan yar\u0131-g\u00f6\u00e7ebe hayat\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de s\u00fcrd\u00fcren T\u00fcrkmenler, ge\u00e7imlerini temin edebilmek i\u00e7in geni\u015f hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerini otlat\u0131labilece\u011fi, k\u0131\u015flak, yaylak, g\u00fczlek ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirilebilecekleri mek\u00e2nlara ihtiya\u00e7 duymaktad\u0131rlar. Giresun\u2019un g\u00fcneyindeki k\u0131rl\u0131k b\u00f6lge onlar\u0131n bu hayat tarz\u0131na uygunken \u015fehir merkezinde ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6recek d\u00fczl\u00fck alan yoktu. Sosyal bak\u0131mdan deniz ve nehir kenarlar\u0131nda oturmay\u0131 sevmeyen konar-g\u00f6\u00e7er T\u00fcrkmenler rutubetsiz, fazla s\u0131cak olmayan, ayn\u0131 zamanda yal\u00e7\u0131n tepe ve da\u011flar\u0131n \u00fczerlerinde yer almayan mevkileri yurt tutarlard\u0131. Giresun \u015fehri bu bak\u0131mdan onlar i\u00e7in adeta batakl\u0131k kadar nemliydi. O sebeple t\u0131pk\u0131 \u00e7evredeki di\u011fer kent merkezlerinden uzak durduklar\u0131 gibi Giresun\u2019a da yerle\u015fmemi\u015fler, fakat buralardan elde edilen ticaret gelirinden pay almak suretiyle b\u00f6lgedeki y\u00fcksek h\u00e2kimiyetlerini devam ettirmi\u015flerdir. Bu d\u00f6nemde Giresun \u015fehri, Bizans\u2019\u0131n Do\u011fu Karadeniz valisi iken Malazgirt\u2019ten sonra ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flayan Gabras ailesinin denetimi alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. XII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar \u00e7evresindeki T\u00fcrk siyas\u00ee te\u015fekk\u00fcllerine elde ettikleri ticaret gelirinden pay veren Gabraslar, bu suretle b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmesini bilmi\u015flerdir. Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00e2kimiyetinde b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fen O\u011fuz boylar\u0131n\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131, Giresun\u2019un \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimlerinde bug\u00fcne kadar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcre\u011fir boyundan ismini alan \u0130reg\u00fcr (Karademir) ve Kabak\u00f6y (G\u00fcrk\u00f6y), Bay\u0131nd\u0131r boyundan Payundur, Karaevli boyundan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Karal\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Karal\u0131, \u00c7avuldur boyundan \u00c7and\u0131r, Yazg\u0131r boyundan Uzgur, Uzkara k\u00f6yleri bunlar\u0131n birer \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019daki O\u011fuz yay\u0131lmas\u0131 devam ederken G\u00fcrcistan\u2019dan Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine yay\u0131lan K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n Giresun\u2019a kadar uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki yer isimlerinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1118\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz binin \u00fczerindeki kalabal\u0131k bir n\u00fcfusla Don-Kuban boylar\u0131ndan G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 eden K\u0131p\u00e7aklar, \u00fclkedeki Sel\u00e7uklu h\u00e2kimiyetine son verdikten sonra kendilerine vaat edilen topraklara yerle\u015fmek suretiyle kuzeydeki Rus bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmu\u015flard\u0131. Ancak XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren devlet y\u00f6netiminde \u00fcst d\u00fczey g\u00f6revleri ele ge\u00e7iren K\u0131p\u00e7aklarla G\u00fcrc\u00fc soylular\u0131 aras\u0131nda ba\u015fg\u00f6steren \u00e7eki\u015fme, baz\u0131 K\u0131p\u00e7ak boylar\u0131n\u0131n bat\u0131ya, Trabzon ve \u00e7evresine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6lgede Komnenos h\u00e2kimiyeti devam ederken ba\u015flayan bu g\u00f6\u00e7, Giresun ve \u00e7evresinde de etkisini g\u00f6stermi\u015f, Vakf\u0131kebir\u2019den bat\u0131ya do\u011fru yay\u0131lan K\u0131p\u00e7ak boylar\u0131, Espiye, Tirebolu, Korgan\u2019\u0131 yurt tutmu\u015ftur. Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda K\u0131p\u00e7aklara verilen Kuman ismiyle an\u0131lan Espiye\u2019deki Kumonovac\u0131k, Tirebolu\u2019daki Kumanyurdu yaylalar\u0131, Alucra\u2019daki Koman deresi, Koman tepesi ve Koman k\u00f6y\u00fc, bu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn bir hat\u0131ras\u0131 olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yer adlar\u0131yla ilgili yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda Dereli\u2019deki Tana Deresi\u2019nin, Alucra ve G\u00f6rele\u2019deki Karab\u00f6rk k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn, Ke\u015fap\u2019taki \u0130nece k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn K\u0131p\u00e7ak oymaklar\u0131ndan ad ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6lgeye geldi\u011finde Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsemi\u015f olan K\u0131p\u00e7aklar, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de bu din \u00fczere varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun ve \u00e7evresindeki T\u00fcrk isk\u00e2n\u0131 bu seyirde geli\u015firken, 1204\u2019te, IV. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi sonucunda \u0130stanbul\u2019un Latinlerin eline ge\u00e7mesi, Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin siyas\u00ee yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu y\u00fcz alt\u0131 y\u0131l idare eden Komnenos ailesine mensup Aleksios ve David isimli iki gen\u00e7, s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 halalar\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc Krali\u00e7esi Tamara\u2019n\u0131n asker\u00ee ve siyas\u00ee deste\u011fiyle bu y\u0131l\u0131n nisan ay\u0131nda Trabzon\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, buradan Karadeniz Ere\u011flisi\u2019ne kadar olan b\u00f6lgede, tarihte Trabzon Rum Devleti ad\u0131yla bilinen devleti kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Giresun \u015fehri de bu devletin ikinci \u00f6nemli \u015fehri olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k iki as\u0131r Komnenoslar\u0131n idaresinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"14.
14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Giresun\u2019un \u00e7evresi T\u00fcrk beylik ve devletleriyle \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

HACI EM\u0130RO\u011eLU BEYL\u0130\u011e\u0130 D\u00d6NEM\u0130NDE G\u0130RESUN<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

1243 K\u00f6seda\u011f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti\u2019nin gerilemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131, ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda da \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z T\u00fcrk siyas\u00ee te\u015fekk\u00fclleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemle birlikte, Giresun ve \u00e7evresindeki T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fiminin mahiyeti hakk\u0131nda somut bilgiler elde edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00fclkedeki Mo\u011fol h\u00e2kimiyeti sonland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Giresun\u2019un \u00e7evresi T\u00fcrk beylik ve devletleriyle \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti. Samsun ve civar\u0131 ile Bayburt Eretnal\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7erken, Niksar merkez olmak \u00fczere Samsun\u2019un g\u00fcneyine kadar yay\u0131lan Taceddino\u011fullar\u0131, Samsun ve \u00e7evresinde Kubado\u011fullar\u0131, Ta\u015fano\u011fullar\u0131, Bafra Beylikleri, Erzincan\u2019da ise Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00fc Mutahharten\u2019in beyli\u011fi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Rize\u2019nin F\u0131rt\u0131na Deresi ve do\u011fusunda Ah\u0131ska\u2019ya kadar olan b\u00f6lgede de Mo\u011follardan y\u00f6reyi alan K\u0131p\u00e7aklar ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir atabeylik kurmu\u015ftu. Komnenoslar ise Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon ve Rize\u2019ye h\u00e2kim durumdayd\u0131. Ancak bu h\u00e2kimiyet sadece \u015fehir merkeziyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Grek kaynaklar\u0131ndan XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Ordu b\u00f6lgesini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131 Beyli\u011fi, Sinop \u00c7epnileri taraf\u0131ndan kurulmu\u015f olup ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, Terme\u2019den do\u011fuda g\u00fcneye k\u0131vr\u0131larak sahile ula\u015fmadan Ordu ve Giresun\u2019un yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepelere kadar uzanmaktayd\u0131. Trabzonlu kilise tarih\u00e7isi Panaretos\u2019un kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan b\u00f6lgedeki \u00c7epni varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Komnenoslar \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck tedirginli\u011fe sebep oldu\u011fu ve Giresun \u015fehrini tehdit alt\u0131na alan Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131 Kral II. Aleksios (1297-1330)\u2019un 1302 y\u0131l\u0131nda sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7abalardan sonra y\u00f6rede h\u00e2kimiyetini yeniden tesis edebildi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde Giresun, Komnenoslar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Zira 1214\u2019te Sinop\u2019ta yap\u0131lan antla\u015fma gere\u011fince Samsun\u2019dan Trabzon\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lgenin idaresi, vergi \u00f6deme ve istenildi\u011finde asker g\u00f6nderme kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Komnenoslar\u2019a verilmi\u015ftir. II. Joannes (1280-1297) d\u00f6neminde Ordu\u2019nun \u00c7epnilere b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, Giresun, Trabzon Rum Devleti\u2019nin elindeki ikinci \u00f6nemli \u015fehri haline gelmi\u015fti. II. Aleksios\u2019un b\u00f6lgeye sefer d\u00fczenleyerek h\u00e2kimiyetini yeniden tesis etmesinin sebebi, Trabzon \u00fczerine y\u00f6nelecek T\u00fcrkmen tehdidinde Giresun\u2019un hayat\u00ee \u00f6neme sahip bir savunma hatt\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu tedbir de yeterli olmam\u0131\u015f ve Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131, 1313\u2019ten itibaren Komnenoslar \u00fczerine ak\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1357\u2019ye kadar aral\u0131klarla devam eden bu ak\u0131nlarda Trabzon surlar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne kadar uzanan \u00c7epni kuvvetleri d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla Komnenoslar\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki n\u00fcfuz alan\u0131n\u0131 daraltarak h\u00e2kimiyet sahas\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu bask\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le bertaraf edemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6ren II. Aleksios, 1358\u2019de, k\u0131z karde\u015fi Theodora\u2019y\u0131, Hac\u0131 Emir Bey ile evlendirerek iki taraf aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 kurmu\u015f, b\u00f6ylece varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bezm u Rezm\u2019de ve Panaretos kroni\u011finde yer alan kay\u0131tlardan, kral\u0131n bu amac\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar iki taraf aras\u0131nda herhangi bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Hac\u0131 Emir\u2019den sonra ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en S\u00fcleyman Bey d\u00f6neminde iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fcnasebetler yeniden bozulmu\u015f, b\u00f6lge tarihinde bir ilk ger\u00e7ekle\u015ferek 1396-1397\u2019de Giresun fethedilmi\u015ftir. O d\u00f6neme kadar hi\u00e7bir zaman M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7meyen bu kaleyi almas\u0131, S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019in ve beyli\u011finin \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki itibar\u0131n\u0131 olduk\u00e7a artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019in fethinden Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine girene kadar Giresun\u2019un durumu hakk\u0131ndaki tek kaynak Clavijo Seyahatnamesi\u2019dir. Timur\u2019a el\u00e7i olarak giden \u0130spanyol el\u00e7isi Ruy Gonzales de Clavijo, 1404\u2019te Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n h\u00e2kimiyet alan\u0131n\u0131 Tirebolu\u2019ya kadar geni\u015fletti\u011fini ve yakla\u015f\u0131k on bin askerleri oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. 1362-1363\u2019te Trabzon\u2019da alt\u0131 bin civar\u0131nda n\u00fcfus oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa, elli binden fazla bir n\u00fcfusa sahip olan Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n, Giresun\u2019un T\u00fcrk yurdu haline gelmesinde ne derecede rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131nda Trabzon\u2019daki Komnenos idaresi \u201c\u0130mparatorluk\u201d unvan\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131rken Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131 beyli\u011finin \u00f6nemsiz bir siyas\u00ee te\u015fekk\u00fcl olarak kabul g\u00f6rmesi, tarih anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1404 y\u0131l\u0131na ait bu kay\u0131ttan Trabzon, Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine girene kadar ge\u00e7en zaman diliminde Giresun\u2019un konumu ve Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011flu Beyli\u011fi\u2019nin b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmaya muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Kaynaklardaki bilgi yetersizli\u011finden, bahsi ge\u00e7en konularda sadece baz\u0131 tahminler y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Bu hususta \u00e7aba harcayan F. S\u00fcmer, F. Emecen gibi tarih\u00e7iler, S\u00fcleyman Bey\u2019den Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan ilhak edilene kadar beyli\u011fin ak\u0131betinin me\u00e7hul oldu\u011funu, Giresun\u2019un Hac\u0131 Emiro\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n elinde ne kadar kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak bilinemedi\u011fini, ancak kentin Osmanl\u0131lar ele ge\u00e7irmeden Komnenoslar taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederler. Nitekim \u015fehrin Trabzon\u2019un fethi sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine girmesi son h\u00fckm\u00fc do\u011frular. Giresun\u2019un bat\u0131 kesimi ise 1427-1428\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019ne d\u00e2hil olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019un T\u00fcrk yurdu haline gelmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunan \u00c7epnilerden kalma yer isimlerine bug\u00fcn \u015fehrin her taraf\u0131nda rastlan\u0131labilir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00c7epni ya da ondan t\u00fcretilmi\u015f aile adlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar halen y\u00f6rede varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti d\u00f6neminde tesis edilen idar\u00ee yap\u0131lanmada b\u00f6lgenin \u00c7epni vilayeti olarak nitelendirilmesi de bu O\u011fuz boyunun Giresun\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarih\u00ee bir izi olarak kay\u0131tlardaki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Giresun
Giresun 1683\u2019teki Viyana Seferi i\u00e7in 300 er g\u00f6nderdi.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

OSMANLI D\u00d6NEM\u0130 G\u0130RESUN<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 idaresi alt\u0131nda Giresun bir liman \u015fehri olarak geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdi. Bu d\u00f6nem boyunca zaman zaman baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli olaylarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclen e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k hareketleri Giresun ve y\u00f6resini de etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Daha bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Giresun\u2019un \u00c7epnilerle mesk\u00fbn da\u011f k\u00f6ylerinin bir k\u0131s\u0131m halk\u0131 Safev\u00ee propagandas\u0131n\u0131n tesiriyle \u0130ran\u2019a ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde ise Pazarsuyu kazas\u0131nda toplanan otuz kadar medreseli (suhte) etrafta e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131kta bulunarak Giresun\u2019da pek \u00e7ok yeri bas\u0131p ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015flar ve bunlar has voyvodas\u0131 Z\u00fcnnun\u2019un y\u00f6reden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 il erleri vas\u0131tas\u0131yla 1574 yaz\u0131nda bertaraf edilmi\u015flerdi. 1586 ve 1587\u2019de sehirde muhaf\u0131z olarak bulunan yeni\u00e7eriler baz\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar. 1594\u2019te bu e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k hareketleri had safhaya ula\u015ft\u0131, y\u00f6reden 200 hane \u201cterk-i vatan\u201d etti. XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki bu t\u00fcr s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve \u00e7e\u015fit gruplar\u0131n\u0131n faaliyetleri halk\u0131n merkeze ba\u015fvurmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ordu b\u00f6lgesinden Hac\u0131 Samlu, Giresun Kalesi\u2019ni ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f. Bu tehlike Seyyid Mehmed Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n gayretiyle atlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1634\u2019te ise Kazaklar, Giresun y\u00f6resini ya\u011fmalad\u0131. Evliya \u00c7elebi, Kazaklar\u0131n Giresun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki adaya kay\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 saklayarak sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. 1683\u2019teki Viyana Seferi i\u00e7in 300 er g\u00f6nderen Giresun, XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru b\u00f6lgede etkili olan ay\u00e2n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesine sahne oldu. 1756\u2019da Canik muhass\u0131l\u0131 olan S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa ve karde\u015fi Ali Bey, 12.000 kadar kuvvetle \u015fehri bas\u0131p ya\u011fmalad\u0131lar. Kaleye kapanan halk yirmi \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren ku\u015fatmadan olduk\u00e7a etkilendi. Bu s\u0131rada \u015fehir yak\u0131ld\u0131. Mallar gemilerle Samsun\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu tahribat\u0131n izleri kolay kapat\u0131lamad\u0131. Hemen ard\u0131ndan devlet taraf\u0131ndan takibata u\u011frayan idam mahk\u00fbmu iki ay\u00e2n kaleye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131 ve kendilerini ku\u015fatan Canikli Ali Bey\u2019e altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn kadar direndikten sonra ele ge\u00e7irildi. 1789\u2019da ba\u015flayan sava\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla So\u011fucak ve Anapa taraflar\u0131na gitmekle g\u00f6revlendirilen b\u00f6lge ay\u00e2n aras\u0131nda Giresun y\u00f6resindekiler de vard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fehirde dizdar La\u00e7ino\u011flu Hac\u0131 Mustafa n\u00fcfuz tesis etmi\u015fti. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011findeki Tuzcuo\u011fullar\u0131 isyan\u0131 Giresun\u2019un da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeyi etkiledi. Bunlara kat\u0131lan La\u00e7ino\u011fullar\u0131, 1816\u2019da Giresun\u2019a tam olarak h\u00e2kim oldular. II. Mahmud\u2019un g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi iki f\u0131rkateyn ile bir korvet Giresun \u00f6nlerine gelerek yeniden kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flad\u0131. \u015eehir as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131 Milli M\u00fccadele d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fad\u0131. \u0130\u015fgale u\u011framamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Ruslar\u2019\u0131n Trabzon\u2019u al\u0131p Har\u015fit\u2019e kadar ilerlemesi \u015fehirde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir endi\u015feye yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Y\u00f6rede Pontus Rum Devleti kurmaya y\u00f6nelik hareketler, Rum \u00e7etelerin faaliyetleri ve bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f pek \u00e7ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sebep oldu. Direni\u015fi \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen belediye reisi Topal Osman A\u011fa, \u00f6nemli faaliyetlerde bulundu. Giresun Askerlik \u015eubesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk dili, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lar\u0131 olan H\u00fcseyin Avni Bey de bu m\u00fccadelede rol oynad\u0131. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde vilayet merkezi haline getirilen (1923) Giresun\u2019un Rum n\u00fcfusu, Lozan Antla\u015fmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan m\u00fcbadele ile buray\u0131 terk etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Giresun,
Giresun, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a do\u011fru Pontus b\u00f6lgesinde f\u0131nd\u0131k ticaretiyle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

F\u0130Z\u0130K\u00ce, SOSYAL VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL YAPI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetine giri\u015fine kadar m\u00fcstahkem bir kale olarak \u00f6nemini koruyan, Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da madenleriyle \u00fcn yapan ve denizindeki bal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fclen Giresun, nispeten korunakl\u0131 liman\u0131 ile de Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki birka\u00e7 askeri \u00fcsten biri olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f yazar ve co\u011frafyac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n verdikleri bilgiler \u015fehrin bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini aksettirmektedir. Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a do\u011fru Pontus b\u00f6lgesinde f\u0131nd\u0131k ticaretiyle \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kan, i\u00e7 kesimlerdeki Karahisar\u2019la yol ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan ve bu kesimin hububat\u0131n\u0131n ve madenlerinin ihra\u00e7 liman\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanan Giresun, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da dokuma mamulleri ve sap ihrac\u0131yla dikkati \u00e7eken bir kale\u015fehir durumundayd\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde yerle\u015fme, denizden 100 metre y\u00fckseklikte volkanik kayalar \u00fczerindeki kalenin hemen etraf\u0131na ve do\u011fusuna do\u011fru geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. VII. ve VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda burada Bizans\u2019a ait resmi bir ticaret b\u00fcrosu vard\u0131. Bizans idaresi alt\u0131nda XI. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren bir metropolitlik haline geldi. 431\u2019den 1673\u2019e Trabzon\u2019a nakledilmesine kadar piskoposluk g\u00f6revinde bulunan altm\u0131\u015f ki\u015finin adlar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Bizans d\u00f6neminde g\u00f6steri\u015fsiz bir yer olmakla birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan hayli hareketli bir din\u00ee merkezdi. Nitekim burada \u0130ncil n\u00fcshalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015fiyle u\u011fra\u015fan hattatlar vard\u0131. Trabzon Rum imparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde b\u00f6lgedeki ikinci \u00f6nemli merkez haline geldi ve civardaki T\u00fcrkmenlere kar\u015f\u0131 imparatorlu\u011fun bat\u0131 ucunda m\u00fcstahkem bir kale oldu. Hatta T\u00fcrk fethini bildiren Bezm u Rezm\u2019de buras\u0131, son derece sa\u011flam ve o zamana kadar hi\u00e7bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fun ele ge\u00e7iremedi\u011fi bir kale olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Schiltberger, Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesindeki \u015fehirleri sayarken Samsun ve Trabzon\u2019un yan\u0131nda Giresun\u2019un da (Kureson) ad\u0131n\u0131 zikreder. Bu da \u015fehrin belirli ve bilinen bir merkez oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Katalan el\u00e7isi Clavijo ise, 9 Nisan 1404\u2019te g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fehrin sahilde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, evlerinin denize d\u00f6n\u00fck oldu\u011funu belirtir. Bu ifadelerden, daha XIV. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda burada sivil yerle\u015fimin bulundu\u011fu ve kalenin do\u011fusundaki denize inen yama\u00e7ta limana do\u011fru evlerin s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyeti d\u00f6neminde de bu durumunu korudu\u011fu bilinen Giresun bir kale-\u015fehir ve liman olarak tedrici bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi Giresun\u2019u hakk\u0131nda en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler, XV. ve XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131 tahrir defterlerinde yer al\u0131r. Bu defterlerden en erken tarihli olan\u0131na g\u00f6re 1486\u2019ya do\u011fru yerle\u015fmenin kale i\u00e7inde ve hemen civar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, askeri vasf\u0131n \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fehir \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6steren Giresun 114 nefer, yirmi iki bive (dul) Hristiyan n\u00fcfusa sahipti. Bunlar kaleyi tamir etmek, Giresun\u2019dan ge\u00e7en gemilere k\u0131lavuzluk yapmak \u015fart\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc vergiden muaf tutulmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu durum Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u015fehri bar\u0131\u015f yoluyla teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Kalede muhaf\u0131zlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00f6rt sivil M\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n ad\u0131 defterde kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Giresun\u2019un ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman sivil sakinleri olan ve her biri eski t\u0131mar sahibi bulunan bu \u015fah\u0131slar \u00c7epni Ali, Canikli Hamza, \u0130brahim, \u0130sa o\u011flu Ali idi. Kalede ise dizdar Kalkandereli Yusuf\u2019un idaresinde otuz kadar muhaf\u0131z g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yordu. Bu muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n isimleri alt\u0131nda Ni\u011fbolu, Manast\u0131r, \u00dcsk\u00fcp, Sofya, Semendire, Selanik, Kesriye ve Kefeli olduklar\u0131na dair kay\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu rakamlara g\u00f6re \u015fehirde 600-700 ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilebilir. Bunlar\u0131n hepsinin kale i\u00e7inde oturup oturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belli olmamakla birlikte kale d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sahile do\u011fru uzanan evlerde ikamet ettikleri s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1515\u2019e do\u011fru \u015fehrin n\u00fcfusunda art\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu s\u0131rada \u015fehirde yirmi alt\u0131 hane, be\u015f m\u00fccerred, iki m\u00fctekait sipahiden ibaret M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Bunlar civardan gelip \u015fehre yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdi. Aralar\u0131nda \u00c7epni, Trabzonlu, Bayraml\u0131 nisbeli sah\u0131\u015flar\u0131n bulunu\u015fu bu isk\u00e2n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc tayin eder. \u00d6te yandan Hristiyanlar da \u00fc\u00e7 grup halinde kaydedilmi\u015f olup bunlardan 103 hane, otuz alt\u0131 m\u00fccerred, k\u0131rk bive eskiden beri \u015fehirde ikamet edenlerden (kadimi raiyyet) olu\u015fuyordu. Altm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 haneden ibaret ikinci grup sonradan gelip buraya yerle\u015fmi\u015fti. Elli be\u015f hanelik di\u011fer grup ise eski Hristiyan halka hizmet etmek \u00fczere buraya getirtilen ve sonradan bu m\u00fckellefiyetleri kald\u0131ranlardan m\u00fcte\u015fekkildi. Bu sonuncular Trabzon, Rize, Ak\u00e7aabat, S\u00fcrmene, Of, Yomra, Pazar gibi yerlerden s\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u015fehirde isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015flerdi. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde eskiden k\u00f6le stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde iken daha sonra ba\u011f\u0131\u015flananlar, hatta \u201cRus\u201d nisbesiyle kaydedilenler de vard\u0131. Muhtemelen bunlar, Giresun\u2019u iktisadi bak\u0131mdan desteklemek \u00fczere Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in Trabzon\u2019daki sancak beyli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda getirtilmi\u015flerdi. Nitekim babas\u0131 ile anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen Selim, o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman (Kanuni) i\u00e7in sancak istedi\u011finde kendisine teklif edilen Giresun, K\u00fcrt\u00fcn ve \u015eiran\u2019\u0131n gelirlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funu, Giresun\u2019un bir kaleden ibaret olup has gelirlerine yarar bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, da\u011fl\u0131k olan y\u00f6redeki k\u00f6ylerde birbirine biti\u015fik bir evin dahi yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla herhangi bir ihtimale kar\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle \u015fehzadenin oturabilece\u011fi bir yer vasf\u0131n\u0131 haiz Giresun\u2019u n\u00fcfus ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan desteklemek \u00fczere b\u00f6lgeden hem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hem de Hristiyanlar\u0131n buraya naklini sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu tayin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemekle birlikte al\u0131nan tedbirler Giresun\u2019un geli\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim \u015fehirde otuz kadar kale muhaf\u0131z\u0131 ile beraber 1515\u2019e do\u011fru toplam n\u00fcfus 1500\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ilk tahrire g\u00f6re aradan ge\u00e7en 20-25 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde n\u00fcfus \u00fc\u00e7 kat art\u0131\u015f kaydetmi\u015ftir. Bu art\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u015fehrin fizik\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine de yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131, sahil kesiminde yeni isk\u00e2n mahallerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Selim\u2019in in\u015fa ettirdi\u011fi caminin de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman isk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019un n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 1554\u2019te, 1515\u2019teki durumla benzerlik g\u00f6sterir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar otuz \u00fc\u00e7 hane, on \u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccerredden ibaretken yine \u00fc\u00e7 grup olan Hristiyanlar 214 hane, doksan d\u00f6rt m\u00fccerred n\u00fcfusa sahipti. Bu d\u00f6nemlerde Giresun Kalesi\u2019nin i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f surlar\u0131 deniz kenar\u0131na kadar inmekteydi. Kalede 1515\u2019te alt\u0131 kadar top, yirmi sekiz t\u00fcfek, \u00fc\u00e7 manc\u0131n\u0131k, yirmi sekiz yay vard\u0131. 1556 tarihli bir kayda g\u00f6re d\u00f6rt be\u015f kad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n halk\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131nabilece\u011fi, herhangi bir tehlike an\u0131nda 5-10.000 ki\u015finin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nabilece\u011fi m\u00fcstahkem bir kale \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra \u015fehir giderek \u00f6nem kazand\u0131 ve liman\u0131 daha faal bir hale geldi. 1583\u2019te kale i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fme yerleri mahallelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nitekim tahrir defterinde, tamam\u0131nda gayrim\u00fcslimlerin oturdu\u011fu alt\u0131 mahallenin ad\u0131 kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6rt grup halinde kaydedilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ise \u201ccemaat\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, toplam n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 273 neferdi. Bunlardan iki cemaat 1554\u2019ten sonra getirilip \u015fehre yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Yine cemaat ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda zikredilen k\u0131rk bir nefer Hristiyan yan\u0131nda alt\u0131 mahallede toplam 304 nefer daha bulunuyordu. Giresun\u2019un ilk mahalleleri olan bu birimler Yukar\u0131 mahalle, Lonca, U\u011frukap\u0131, \u0130\u00e7kale, Penbed\u00fcz ve Per\u00e7in adlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Bunlardan ilk d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 bug\u00fcn de ya\u015famakta olup \u015fehrin eski fizik\u00ee yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 tayin eder. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da caminin etraf\u0131nda ayr\u0131 bir mahalle olu\u015fturdu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. 1579\u2019da Trabzon\u2019a giderken bir gece burada konaklayan \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Mehmed, Giresun\u2019un k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir belde oldu\u011funu, surunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir cuma cami ile \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Onun ifadeleri hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz kale d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde sahile uzanan varo\u015f kesimini nitelemektedir. Buradaki cuma k\u0131l\u0131nabilir caminin Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan cami olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir. S\u00f6z konusu caminin \u00e7e\u015fitli vak\u0131flar\u0131 vard\u0131. On alt\u0131 hizmetlinin \u00fccretleri buradan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evre k\u00f6yler halk\u0131ndan da cami i\u00e7in g\u00f6revliler belirlenmi\u015fti. Mesela kalabal\u0131k c\u00fczhanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu civar k\u00f6ylerde oturmakta ve cuma g\u00fcnleri buraya gelmekteydi. Bu durum \u00c7epnilerin din\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan temay\u00fcllerinin niteli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Caminin vak\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fckk\u00e2nlar, bir kervansaray ve pazaryeri geliri Trabzon Sancak Beyi Kas\u0131m Bey taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan ba\u015fka kale i\u00e7inde muhtemelen fetihten hemen sonra muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere yapt\u0131r\u0131lan bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mescidin daha bulundu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u015fehir halk\u0131 denizcilik yan\u0131nda civardaki bah\u00e7elerde ziraatla me\u015fguld\u00fc. Vergi gelirleri aras\u0131nda olan ve ekonomik bir de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnler meyve, ceviz, hububat, so\u011fan \u2013 sar\u0131msak, kendir, nar ve \u00fcz\u00fcmd\u00fc. Dar\u0131 ve f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik bir de\u011fer kazanmas\u0131, bilhassa bu sonuncu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn vergi gelirleri aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 1580\u2019lerde oldu. Y\u00f6renin kendine has \u00fcz\u00fcmlerinden yap\u0131lan \u015f\u0131ra \u00f6nemli miktarlarda elde ediliyordu. Deniz nakliyat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k da \u00f6n plandayd\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gemi ve sandal yap\u0131m tezg\u00e2hlar\u0131 vard\u0131, bu tezg\u00e2hlarda yap\u0131lan veya bak\u0131ma al\u0131nan gemi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergi al\u0131n\u0131yordu. S\u0131v\u0131 i\u00e7ecek, ya\u011f, bal\u0131k, g\u00f6n gibi maddeleri koymaya yarayan f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lardan elde edilen vergi geliri 3500 ak\u00e7eye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda ticar\u00ee faaliyetin de bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Giresun Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcmr\u00fck geliri XV. ve XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda 3000 ak\u00e7e idi. Ayr\u0131ca bir de liman resmi al\u0131n\u0131yordu ve bunun miktar\u0131, defterde Ni\u015fi ad\u0131yla kaydedilen Giresun Adas\u0131\u2019yla birlikte 420 ak\u00e7e dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u015eehirde \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan keten bezi ve di\u011fer dokumalar\u0131n boyand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir boyahane de vard\u0131. Keten bezi \u00fcretiminden sa\u011flanan vergi 1500 ak\u00e7eyi buluyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Evliya
Evliya \u00c7elebi; Giresun\u2019u \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde camileri, mescidi, han, hamam ve pazar\u0131 bulunan, fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck olmayan bir kasaba olarak tan\u0131t\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Deniz yolunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ok i\u015flek olmasa da kara yoluyla Samsun ve Trabzon\u2019a ba\u011flant\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu yollar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca sahil kesiminde olmay\u0131p zaman zaman i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeleri takip etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zira ge\u00e7it yerlerinde yollar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerin ahalisi g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f, \u00e7ok say\u0131daki dereler \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin tamiri de yine bunlara havale edilmi\u015fti. \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Mehmed, Trabzon ile Giresun\u2019un karadan \u00fc\u00e7, Samsun ile Giresun\u2019un ise d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck mesafede oldu\u011funu belirtir. \u00d6zellikle Trabzon-Giresun aras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yol oldu\u011funa dair bilginin antik devirdeki Ksenofon\u2019un ifadeleriyle benzerli\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yine Giresun\u2019u i\u00e7 kesime, \u015eebinkarahisar\u2019a ba\u011flayan ve Antik\u00e7a\u011f\u2019dan beri kullan\u0131lagelen kara yolu i\u015flerli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydi. Buradan getirilen mallar Giresun\u2019a indiriliyor ve oradan deniz yoluyla sevk ediliyordu. \u00d6zellikle maden (bak\u0131r, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve demir) ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yolla yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Tahrir defterlerinde bu yol i\u00e7in \u201cyol bac\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kaydedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 faaliyetin yo\u011funlu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda fikir vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Giresun\u2019un fizik\u00ee ve i\u00e7tima\u00ee yap\u0131s\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fazla bilgi yoktur. Katib \u00c7elebi, Cihann\u00fcma\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n oirijinal n\u00fcshas\u0131nda \u201cGiresun\u201d okunu\u015fu ile harekeledi\u011fi \u015fehir hakk\u0131nda \u00c2\u015f\u0131k Mehmed\u2019in verdi\u011fi bilgileri tekrar eder. M\u00fcteferrika bask\u0131s\u0131nda ise ad\u0131 \u201cGiresun\u201d \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan \u015fehrin bir da\u011f \u00fczerinde kalesinin bulunup harap bir vaziyette oldu\u011fu, deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bir yerde akik ta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilave edilmi\u015ftir. Evliya \u00c7elebi de buras\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tatmink\u00e2r bilgi vermez; \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde camileri, mescidi, han, hamam ve pazar\u0131 bulunan, fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck olmayan bir kasaba olarak tan\u0131t\u0131r. Liman\u0131n bat\u0131 tarafInda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir caminin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler ve Kazaklar\u0131n bask\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu eder. Kas\u0131m 1682 tarihli bir avar\u0131z tahrir defterine g\u00f6re \u015fehirde be\u015fi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, biri Hristiyanlara ait olmak \u00fczere alt\u0131 mahalle vard\u0131. Cami-i Kebir (muhtemelen Sultan Selim Cami), Kapu Cami-i Seyyid Pa\u015fa, Elhac H\u00fcseyin (Hac\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Cernil), Elhac Mikdad (Hac\u0131 Mikdad A\u011fa), Elhac Siyami adlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mahallelerde 116, Hristiyan mahallelerinde ise altm\u0131\u015f be\u015f avar\u0131z vergi m\u00fckellefinin ad\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Civar k\u00f6ylere kay\u0131tl\u0131 olup \u015fehirde ikamet edenler, askeri denilen z\u00fcmreler, seyyid, imam, hatip gibi din g\u00f6revlilerinin bu rakama dahil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaba kat\u0131l\u0131rsa Giresun\u2019un toplam n\u00fcfusunun 1000-1500 civar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir. Ayr\u0131ca 1580\u2019lerden itibaren avar\u0131z tahririn yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihe kadar ge\u00e7en bir as\u0131r zarf\u0131nda Giresun\u2019un n\u00fcfusunda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmamakla birlikte i\u00e7tima\u00ee ve fizik\u00ee yap\u0131da birtak\u0131m geli\u015fmelerin meydana geldi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazan\u0131rken bu ayn\u0131 zamanda fizik\u00ee durumu da etkilemi\u015f, kalenin d\u0131\u015f kesimindeki yerle\u015fmede yeni mahalle birimleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k daha \u00f6nceleri sadece Hristiyanlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu mahallelerin adlar\u0131 belirtilmeyerek bunlar toplu bir grup olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u015fehrin ticar\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan geli\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 1701\u2019de \u015fehri g\u00f6ren Tournefort yeterli bilgi vermez, nispeten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir liman \u015fehri oldu\u011funu belirtir. Bu d\u00f6nemde kale surlar\u0131 iyice harap hale gelmi\u015fti. Tournefort\u2019un Giresun\u2019u tasvir eden grav\u00fcr\u00fcnde de \u015fehrin sahile do\u011fru uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve burada ta\u015f evlerin ve camilerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Bijiskyan, biri do\u011fuda Demirkap\u0131 Liman\u0131, di\u011feri bat\u0131da Lonca Liman\u0131 denilen iki liman\u0131 bulunan ve bir k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u00fckk\u00e2n 1000 kadar evi olan \u015fehirde Rum n\u00fcfusun ve k\u0131rk hane Ermeni\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bir Rum piskoposlu\u011funun yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazar. Bu y\u00fczy\u0131la ait baz\u0131 kay\u0131tlarda Giresun\u2019da Sultan Selim Cami, kale i\u00e7inde Lonca mahallesinde Muhiddin Camii, Kap\u0131 mahallesinde \u015eeyh Vakkas T\u00fcrbesi, Hasan Dede Zaviyesi\u2019nin adlar\u0131 ge\u00e7mektedir. 1847\u2019de \u015fehri g\u00f6ren Hommaire de Hall, buran\u0131n anfitiyatro \u015feklinde evlerinden ve harabe surlar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eder; yar\u0131s\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, yar\u0131s\u0131 Hristiyanlara ait 750 ev bulundu\u011funu belirtir. Onunla birlikte seyahat eden ressam Laurens\u2019in Giresun\u2019u tasvir eden resminde kale ve do\u011fu kesimdeki evlerin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehir XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru \u00f6nemli bir liman haline geldi; \u00e7evrede yeti\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgelere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir merkez \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazand\u0131. Cuinet\u2019e g\u00f6re 1890\u2019larda \u015fehirde d\u00f6rt ticaret acentesi faaliyet g\u00f6steriyordu. 1893\u2019te haftada be\u015f alt\u0131 vapur limana u\u011framaktayd\u0131. 1898\u2019de limana ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131rk iki mavna, 195 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gemi ve d\u00f6rt de b\u00fcy\u00fck gemi vard\u0131. 1898-1899\u2019da Giresun liman\u0131na 3165 yelkenli, 140 vapur u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Rusya, Almanya, Avusturya, Fransa, \u0130talya ve Yunanistan band\u0131ral\u0131 vapurlar da mevcuttu. 1901\u2019de \u015fehirde Fransa, Avusturya, Rusya, \u0130talya ve Almanya\u2019ya ait kumpanya acenteleri faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. Ayr\u0131ca yabanc\u0131 ticaret misyonu da bulunuyordu. \u0130hra\u00e7 mallar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle pamuklu dokuma, madeni e\u015fya, b\u0131\u00e7ak, un, maden, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, bak\u0131r ba\u015fta geliyordu. 1890\u2019da M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a, Trieste\u2019ye, Marsilya\u2019ya ve Rus limanlar\u0131na mal g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e2gir evleri bulunan ve etraf\u0131 f\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131klarla \u00e7evrili olarak tasvir edilen XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l baslar\u0131n\u0131n Giresun\u2019u, \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7 kesimlerle liman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yol ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 sebebiyle hayli hareketli bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe sahne olmaktayd\u0131. Bak\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k yan\u0131nda kilim, aba, \u015fal, pe\u015fkir, tire gibi dokumalar ekonomik de\u011fere sahipti. Bu hareketli ticaret, \u015fehrin XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren fizik\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de etkilemi\u015fti. 1870\u2019te dokuz han, 230 d\u00fckk\u00e2n, k\u0131rk iki ma\u011faza, d\u00f6rt boyahane, iki basmahane varken; 1871\u2019de bir g\u00fcmr\u00fck, bir telgrafhane, on han, seksen d\u00f6rt ma\u011faza, 224 d\u00fckk\u00e2n, bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet kona\u011f\u0131 ve 968 hane; 1880\u2019lerde yirmi iki han, 392 d\u00fckk\u00e2n bulundu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Cuinet ise on be\u015f han, 464 d\u00fckkan oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z eder. 1869-1880 d\u00f6neminde \u015fehrin n\u00fcfusu 9400-9800 dolay\u0131nda idi. Ayr\u0131ca sekiz cami, d\u00f6rt mescit, be\u015f Rum, bir Ermeni kilisesi, iki medrese, alt\u0131s\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, ikisi Rumlara ait sekiz mektep, bir r\u00fc\u015ftiye, \u00fc\u00e7 hamam, on yedi f\u0131r\u0131n vard\u0131. Kamus\u00fc\u2019l-a\u2019lam\u2019a g\u00f6re 8440 ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fehirde on bir cami, bir tekke, dokuz kilise, 500 d\u00fckk\u00e2n, on be\u015f han, otuz f\u0131r\u0131n, be\u015f hamam mevcuttu. Cuinet ise 1890\u2019a do\u011fru n\u00fcfusu 4388\u2019i M\u00fcsl\u00fcman 4906\u2019si Rum, 936\u2019si Ermeni olmak \u00fczere toplam 10.230 olarak verir Giresun\u2019da ba\u015fl\u0131ca tarih\u00ee eserler aras\u0131nda kalenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Hac\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Camii (1594\u2019te yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131, 1861\u2019de yenilendi.) Hac\u0131 Mikdad A\u011fa Camii (1661\u2019de ah\u015fapken 1841\u2019de yeniden in\u015fa edildi, 1890\u2019da geni\u015fletildi.), Kale Cami (1830\u2019da Dizdarzadeler\u2019e mensup Emetullah Han\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131), \u00c7\u0131narlar Camii (Hac\u0131 Vehbizade Ali A\u011fa\u2019ya ait), \u015eeyh Kerameddin Cami (1900\u2019de yenilendi.), \u00c7ekek Camii (1884 tarihli kitabesi var) Sar\u0131 Alemdarzade binas\u0131, So\u011fuksu Camii (1896\u2019da geni\u015fletildi), \u015e\u0131h Cami, \u00c7\u0131tlakkale Cami say\u0131labilir. Kap\u0131 mahallesindeki \u015eeyh Vakkas T\u00fcrbesi de ayr\u0131ca ziyaretg\u00e2ht\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn ayakta bulunan iki kiliseden Sokakba\u015f\u0131 Gogora mevkiindeki restore edilmi\u015f olup di\u011feri \u00c7\u0131narlar mahallesinde k\u00fct\u00fcphane olarak hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde \u015fehir n\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu gibi fizik\u00ee y\u00f6nden de geli\u015fti. \u0130lk yerle\u015fme \u00e7evresi kalenin civar\u0131 olan ve tepenin yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki Kale, Sultan Selim, Kap\u0131, Hac\u0131 H\u00fcseyin mahallelerinde tarihi dokusunu evleri ve sokaklar\u0131 ile s\u00fcrd\u00fcren \u015fehir, 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara kadar bu tarih\u00ee kesimin \u00e7evresinde bir \u015ferit halinde geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Yar\u0131madaya do\u011fudan, bat\u0131dan ve g\u00fcneyden ba\u011flanan bu alan \u00fczerinde Hac\u0131 Mikdad, \u015eeyh Kerameddin ve Gemiler \u00c7eke\u011fi mahalleleri yer al\u0131r. 1923\u2019ten sonra Nizamiye ve \u015eeyh Kerameddin, 1960\u2019tan itibaren de Aksu Selde\u011firmeni, \u00c7\u0131tlakkale mahalleleri geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1940\u2019ta on iki mahallesi varken bu rakam 1972\u2019de civardaki k\u00f6ylerin de \u015fehirle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi sonucu on sekize \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1959\u2019da Giresun Liman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hizmete a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sahil yolunun yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile \u015fehir mek\u00e2n olarak do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1967\u2019den itibaren do\u011fu kesiminde Aksu\u2019da ka\u011f\u0131t fabrikas\u0131, bat\u0131da Fiskobirlik Entegre Tesisleri ve di\u011fer kamu binalar\u0131n\u0131n yer al\u0131\u015f\u0131 bu yay\u0131lmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eehirde i\u015fyerlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu eski Trabzon yolu olan Gazi Caddesi boyunca yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uzak noktalarda ikinci derecede ticaret merkezleri vard\u0131r. Bunlar \u00c7\u0131ttakkale ve Tayyared\u00fcz\u00fc mahalleleriyle Gemiler \u00c7eke\u011fi ve Aksu mahallelerindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1927 ile 1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u015fehirde fizik\u00ee bak\u0131mdan \u00f6nemli bir geli\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi n\u00fcfus da sabit kald\u0131. 1927\u2019de 11.888; 1950\u2019de 12.507, 1940\u2019ta 15.000\u2019i ge\u00e7en n\u00fcfus 1945\u2019te 12.000\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcyse de 1950\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra art\u0131\u015f seyrini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 1990\u2019da 67.604\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehirde ba\u015fl\u0131ca ekonomik faaliyeti f\u0131nd\u0131k i\u015fleme sanayii olu\u015fturur. Fiskobirlik Tesisleri, Seka-Aksu K\u00e2\u011f\u0131t Fabrikas\u0131 gibi sanayi yan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zel f\u0131nd\u0131k i\u015fleme fabrikas\u0131 mevcuttur. \u015eehir bug\u00fcn sit alan\u0131 olan kalenin g\u00fcneyinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi gibi do\u011fu ve \u00f6zellikle bat\u0131daki sahil d\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne do\u011fru giderek yay\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"16.
16. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na da\u011fru \u00c7epni vilayeti tabiri yerini giderek Giresun kazas\u0131 ad\u0131na b\u0131rakmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130DAR\u00ce YAPI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun, Osmanl\u0131 idaresine girdi\u011finde bir kaza merkezi olmu\u015ftu. 1486\u2019da buras\u0131 Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Zeamet-i K\u00fcrt\u00fcn adl\u0131 idar\u00ee b\u00f6lgenin merkezi durumundayd\u0131. Bu idar\u00ee \u00fcnitede eski \u00c7epni beyleri d\u00f6nemindeki yap\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 1515\u2019te K\u00fcrt\u00fcn kazas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00c7epni vilayeti tabirine rastlanmakta ve Giresun bu vilayetin merkezi durumunda bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u00c7epni vilayeti tabiri XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve onun yerini giderek Giresun kazas\u0131 ad\u0131 almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Giresun, Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131 ucunu olu\u015fturuyordu ve Canik sanca\u011f\u0131 ile olan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u015fehrin biraz bat\u0131s\u0131ndaki Batlama deresi te\u015fkil ediyordu. Kazan\u0131n sahil kesiminde Giresun\u2019dan ba\u015fka Tirebolu, G\u00f6rele, Anduz, Bedreme kaleleri vard\u0131. Buralarda muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sivil H\u0131ristiyan halk ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6lge XV. ve XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00c7epni ve K\u00fcrt\u00fcn adl\u0131 iki ana idari birime ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n alt kademeleri olarak Ya\u011fl\u0131dere, Bayramo\u011flu, Karaburun, \u00dcre\u011fir, Aln\u0131, Yumlu, Alahanas, K\u00fcrt\u00fcn adl\u0131 idar\u00ee birimler mevcuttu. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda ise \u00dcre\u011fir, Har\u015fit ve Ya\u011fl\u0131dere nahiyelerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. Giresun ve Tirebolu gibi sahil \u015fehirleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kesim hemen hemen tamam\u0131yla \u00c7epnilerce isk\u00e2n edilmi\u015fti ve bu isk\u00e2n yerlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ad ta\u015f\u0131yordu. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131lda toplam k\u00f6y say\u0131s\u0131 altm\u0131\u015f kadard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Giresun\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 il\u00e7e merkezleri olan Eynesil, Espiye, Dereli birer k\u00f6y olarak zikredilmi\u015fti. XV. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde K\u00fcrt\u00fcn ve \u00c7epni vilayeti b\u00f6lgesinde toplam 1500 kadar hane vard\u0131. Bu rakama g\u00f6re n\u00fcfus yek\u00fbnu 7000 dolay\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131yordu. 1515\u2019te ise k\u00f6y say\u0131s\u0131 150\u2019yi a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve toplam hane say\u0131s\u0131 5000 civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ancak bu tarihten biraz \u00f6nce kazan\u0131n y\u00fcksek k\u00f6ylerinin bir k\u0131s\u0131m ahalisi Safevilerin bask\u0131n\u0131 veya propagandas\u0131 sebebiyle \u0130ran\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015fti. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n daha sonra Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirlerle geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc defterde yer alan kay\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim 1554\u2019te b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusu 7000 haneye, 1583\u2019te 9000 haneye y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. Bu rakamlara g\u00f6re XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca b\u00f6lge 30-40.000 aras\u0131nda bir n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahipti. 1682\u2019de kazada avar\u0131z vergisi veren k\u00f6y say\u0131s\u0131 yirmi d\u00f6rt olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum, Giresun kazas\u0131n\u0131n XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u00f6yler aras\u0131nda Al\u0131n Yuma (Aln\u0131 Yumlu), Ak Yuma, Dank\u00f6y, Lapa, Umurlu, \u00dclper, Ku\u015fluvan (Ku\u015fdo\u011fan), Dereli, Seydik\u00f6y, Kayadibi, Akp\u0131nar, Evliya, Uzgur ve Kurtulmu\u015f\u2019un adlar\u0131 say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu k\u00f6ylerde olduk\u00e7a kalabal\u0131k bir seyyid z\u00fcmresinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Mesela, Al\u0131n Yuma K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019ndeki altm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt erkek n\u00fcfustan yirmi dokuzu, Dereli\u2019de seksen alt\u0131 ki\u015fiden elli ikisi, Kurtulmu\u015f ve civar\u0131ndaki \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fcn halk\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 (63 ki\u015fi) seyyid olarak kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Kazan\u0131n toplam nefer say\u0131s\u0131, Giresun hari\u00e7 312\u2019si seyyid stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde 745 kadar olup bu da derbendciler (126 nefer) ve \u015fehir halk\u0131 d\u00e2hil 6-7000 dolay\u0131nda bir n\u00fcfusu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun kazas\u0131 bu idar\u00ee durumunu uzun s\u00fcre devam ettirdi. Tanzimat d\u00f6neminde Trabzon\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Trabzon eyaleti kurulunca, Trabzon merkez livas\u0131na tabi oldu (1847). 1850\u2019de kazan\u0131n ad\u0131, \u201cGiresun ma\u2019 Ke\u015fab\u201d olarak kaydedildi. 1855\u2019te Ordu livas\u0131na, 1856\u2019da yeniden Trabzon livas\u0131na, 1857\u2019de Ordu livas\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131. 1283 (1866) tarihli Devlet Salnamesi\u2019nde \u201cTrabzon eyaletine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir liva\u201d olarak zikredildi ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru geni\u015fleyerek bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131 Bulancak olan Akk\u00f6y ve Piraziz\u2019i de i\u00e7ine ald\u0131. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kazaya Ke\u015fap ve K\u0131r\u0131k nahiyeleri ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak bu durumunu uzun s\u00fcre koruyamad\u0131 ve 1285\u2019te (1868) Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kazas\u0131 oldu. Kaza 1869\u2019da doksan yedi k\u00f6ye, 1870\u2019te ise 107 k\u00f6ye sahipti. Trabzon vilayetinin 1869 tarihli ilk salnamesine g\u00f6re kazada 25.160 erkek n\u00fcfus vard\u0131. Bunun 5.156\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 Rumlar, 263\u2019unu Ermeniler te\u015fkil ediyordu. 1870-1874 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait salnamelerde toplam erkek n\u00fcfus 27.429 olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, bu toplam\u0131n 5.626\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 Rumlar\u0131n, 225\u2019ini Ermenilerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu rakamlara g\u00f6re toplam n\u00fcfusun bu devrede 50-55.000 dolay\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu tahmin edilebilir. 1875\u2019ten 1878\u2019e kadar Karahisari-\u015farki sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanan Giresun kazas\u0131, 1879\u2019da tekrar Trabzon merkez sanca\u011f\u0131na dahil edildi ve bu durumunu Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde m\u00fcstakil vilayet olana kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 1891\u2019de Giresun\u2019un \u00fc\u00e7 nahiye, 140 k\u00f6y ve on d\u00f6rt mahallesi oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda V. Cuinet, 51.704 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 11.884 Rum, 938 Ermeni\u2019den ibaret kaza n\u00fcfusunu 64.526 olarak verir; kazada 157 cami, bir tekke, 764 d\u00fckkan, yirmi dokuz han, 146 k\u00f6y bulundu\u011funu yazar. 1893\u2019te ise bu \u00fc\u00e7 nahiyeden olu\u015fan Giresun\u2019da 61.196\u2019si M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 12.322\u2019si Rum, 1445\u2019i Ermeni 74.963 ki\u015fi vard\u0131. 1900\u2019de n\u00fcfus 80.000\u2019i bulmu\u015f, n\u00fcfus oranlar\u0131 ise hemen hemen ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde vilayet haline getirilen Giresun, \u015eebinkarahisar\u2019\u0131n da ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ile g\u00fcneye do\u011fru geni\u015fleyerek tarihi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Giresun \u015fehrinin merkez oldu\u011fu Giresun ili bug\u00fcn Trabzon, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Erzincan, Sivas ve Ordu illeriyle ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Merkez il\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Alucra, Bulancak, \u00c7amoluk, \u00c7anak\u00e7\u0131, Dereli, Do\u011fankent, Espiye, Eynesil, G\u00f6rele, G\u00fcce, Ke\u015fap, Piraziz, \u015eebinkarahisar, Tirebolu ve Ya\u011fl\u0131dere olmak \u00fczere on be\u015f il\u00e7eye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6.934 kilometrekare geni\u015fli\u011findeki Giresun ilinin 1990 say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re n\u00fcfusu 499.087, n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu ise % 72 idi. 2018 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, il n\u00fcfusu 453.912\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Milis
Milis Yarbay Osman A\u011fa komutas\u0131nda Giresun, 42. ve 47. g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc alaylar\u0131 ile Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi\u2019nde vatan savunmas\u0131na kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

M\u0130LL\u00ce M\u00dcCADELEDE G\u0130RESUN\u2019UN YER\u0130 VE \u00d6NEM\u0130<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda b\u00fcy\u00fck maddi ve manevi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara sebep oldu. Giresun daha 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus gemileri taraf\u0131ndan bombaland\u0131. Zaten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ia\u015fe ve pahal\u0131l\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken Giresun ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelerden (Rusya-Yunanistan ve i\u00e7 g\u00f6\u00e7) ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni g\u00f6\u00e7lerle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ia\u015fe buhran\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nden sonra Batum\u2019un tahliyesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda 10. T\u00fcmen\u2019in Giresun\u2019da kalan bir miktar asker ve hayvan\u0131 \u015fehirdeki ia\u015fe s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7 anlar ya\u015fad\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar yetmiyormu\u015f, gibi Giresunlular, b\u00f6lgede bir Pontus Devleti kurma hayalinde ko\u015fan ac\u0131mas\u0131z Rum \u00e7etelerinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na muhatap oluyorlard\u0131. Giresun\u2019da ticaret hayat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Rumlar\u0131n elindeydi. Bu tarihte Giresun\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k 190.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve 10.000 H\u0131ristiyan ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Yani k\u0131saca s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse Giresunlular sava\u015f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7l\u0131k ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun\u2019un bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi d\u00fcn de \u00f6nemli ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131 olan f\u0131nd\u0131k 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda bol \u00fcr\u00fcn vermi\u015fti. Fakat bu f\u0131nd\u0131k kay\u0131klarla Rus sahillerine ka\u00e7ak olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Bu suretle yeni mahsul\u00fcn ihrac\u0131ndan devlet hazinesinin vergi (\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr) kayb\u0131 olmaktayd\u0131. Asl\u0131nda f\u0131nd\u0131\u011fa memleket dahilinde ia\u015fe i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 hissediliyordu. Giresun\u2019daki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131daki polis ve jandarma on be\u015f-yirmi misli art\u0131r\u0131lsa bile pek geni\u015f olan sahilin her yerini kontrol etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olam\u0131yordu. Bu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011fa mani olabilmek i\u00e7in Giresun kaymakam\u0131 iki \u00f6neride bulundu. Ya h\u00fck\u00fcmet Rusya\u2019ya f\u0131nd\u0131k ihrac\u0131na izin vermeli ve b\u00f6ylece kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ukrayna\u2019dan zahire ve sair maddeler sat\u0131n al\u0131nmal\u0131 yahut sahili gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz kontrol edecek en az 5-6 motor sa\u011flanmal\u0131yd\u0131. Aksi halde 20 g\u00fcne kadar mahsul\u00fcn m\u00fchim bir miktar\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131. Ayn\u0131 ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Ordu, Tirebolu, G\u00f6rele ve di\u011fer sahillerde de meydana geliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28 Mart 1919\u2019da Giresun\u2019da olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yang\u0131n meydana geldi. Akk\u00f6y (Bulancak) nahiyesine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130nce, Gaztepe ve Talipli k\u00f6ylerinin G\u00fcrtepe ormanlar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan yang\u0131n, r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131n da \u015fiddetiyle etrafa yay\u0131larak tahminen 5.000 hektar geni\u015fli\u011finde f\u0131nd\u0131k bah\u00e7esi tamamen mahvolmu\u015ftu. Yirmi d\u00f6rt saat devam edip, s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen bu yang\u0131n hakk\u0131nda Giresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunan ordusunun 15 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da \u0130zmir\u2019i i\u015fgali, T\u00fcrk ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halk\u0131 derinden etkileyen ac\u0131 olaylar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisidir. Bu i\u015fgal T\u00fcrk milletinin ruhunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir f\u0131rt\u0131na koparm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Giresun\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan I\u015f\u0131k gazetesi bu tepkiyi hemen ertesi g\u00fcn; \u201cG\u00f6klerden \u015fahikalar ya\u011fsa, da\u011flardan kanl\u0131 volkanlar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rsa, deniz ta\u015fsa da araziyi tufanlara bo\u011fsa idi, T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011fe, \u00e2lem-i \u0130slamiyete belki o kadar tesir g\u00f6stermezdi. Hayat i\u00e7in ziya ne ise, T\u00fcrkl\u00fck i\u00e7in de \u0130zmir ayn\u0131 k\u0131ymeti, ayn\u0131 meziyeti haizdir\u2026\u201d diyerek veciz bir \u015fekilde ifade etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresunlular 19 May\u0131s\u2019ta Belediye Reisi Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n (Topal Osman) ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir miting d\u00fczenleyerek \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgalini protesto etmi\u015fti. Caml\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131\u2019daki Cami-i \u015eerif\u2019te toplanan binlerce Giresunlu; Amerika, \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, \u0130talya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere baz\u0131 protesto mektuplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00f6nderdikleri telgrafta; al bayra\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6klerde dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n devam etmesi ve Yunan i\u015fgaline boyun e\u011filmemesini istediler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuk-i Milliye Cemiyeti (12 \u015eubat 1919) Giresun \u015fubesi Dizdarzade E\u015fref Bey\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00d6\u011fretmen Niyazi Tayyip, M\u00fchendis \u0130brahim Hamdi (Muhsin Elgen), Dr. Ali Naci ve hukuk \u00f6\u011frencisi Ethem Nazif beylerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresunlular, padi\u015faha \u00e7ektikleri telgrafta ise, \u201cEy ulu hakan, tac\u0131ndan \u0130zmir elmas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk kanlar\u0131yla boyayarak kopar\u0131yorlar. S\u0131ra yar\u0131n bizlere gelecek. Senelerce serhatlerde dola\u015fan biz T\u00fcrkler ipte de\u011fil, s\u00fcng\u00fcde can vermek i\u00e7in haz\u0131r\u0131z. Semam\u0131zdan al bayrak al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn z\u00fcmr\u00fct da\u011flar\u0131m\u0131za kanlar\u0131m\u0131zla bir al bayrak serilecek, d\u00f6kece\u011fimiz kanlara i\u015ftirak edecek, bayra\u011f\u0131m\u0131za ta\u00e7 giydirecek, Al-i Osman\u2019\u0131n kan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r, Orhan\u2019\u0131n, Ertu\u011frul\u2019un bir o\u011flunu g\u00f6ndeririz\u201d ifadeleri ile kanlar d\u00f6kmeye haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. Tirebolulular da 19 May\u0131s\u2019ta bir miting d\u00fczenleyerek vatan i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011fa haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131n\u0131 arz ettiler. B\u00f6lgedeki bas\u0131n\u0131n tepkisi Haziran ay\u0131nda da devam etti. I\u015f\u0131k gazetesi siyah \u00e7er\u00e7eveler i\u00e7inde \u201c\u0130zmir Facias\u0131n\u0131 Unutmay\u0131n\u0131z\u201d hitab\u0131 ile halk\u0131 uyan\u0131k tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, Giresun bas\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bas\u0131na sans\u00fcr uygulamas\u0131na boyun e\u011fen \u0130stanbul halk\u0131na ve ihanetli uykular\u0131na devam etmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zengin kesime ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltiyordu. Daha Yunanl\u0131lar \u0130zmir\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmadan Giresun Rumlar\u0131 zararl\u0131 faaliyetlerine ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nitekim 8 May\u0131s 1919\u2019da i\u00e7inde Yunan K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 heyeti bulunan bir Yunan gemisi Giresun iskelesine demirledi. Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra (11 May\u0131s) Rumlar Ta\u015fk\u0131\u015fla denilen Rum okuluna beyaz renkli Yunan K\u0131z\u0131lha\u00e7 bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015fti. Ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 iyice art\u0131ran Rumlar\u0131n bu hareketi M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 son derece \u00fczm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kaymakaml\u0131k bayra\u011f\u0131n indirilmesi i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir te\u015febb\u00fcste bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (27 May\u0131s 1919). Yaln\u0131zca Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Cevat Pa\u015fa, Hariciye Nezareti\u2019ne \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019ne m\u00fcracaatla bu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini \u00f6nerdi. \u0130tilaf Devletleri nezdindeki te\u015febb\u00fcsler sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki; 5 Haziran g\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 okula mavi-beyaz renkte b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Pontus bayra\u011f\u0131 as\u0131ld\u0131. Ta\u015fk\u0131\u015fla, Rumlar\u0131n kararg\u00e2h\u0131 durumundayd\u0131; bu okulun bah\u00e7esinde s\u00fcrekli talim yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Nihayet as\u0131lan Pontus bayra\u011f\u0131 Osman A\u011fa taraf\u0131ndan indirildi. Ayn\u0131 tarihte Havza\u2019da Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa h\u00fck\u00fcmete \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgrafta; Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 korumak maksad\u0131yla \u00e7ete kurdu\u011funu bildiriyordu. Bundan sonra Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u015fiddetle Rumlar\u0131n \u00fczerine gitmesi, hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin artmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun b\u00f6lgesinde zararl\u0131 faaliyetlerde bulunan Metropolit Lavrandiyos hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmete \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Patrikhane taraf\u0131ndan bu i\u015fle Rahip Yovakim Efendi g\u00f6revlendirildi. Yovakim soru\u015fturma sonunda Lavrandiyos\u2019u Akk\u00f6y\u2019e (Bulancak) nakletti. Metropolitlik vazifesine kendisi devam etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak Rum ahali eski metropolitin g\u00f6revine iadesi i\u00e7in Trabzon vilayetine ba\u015fvurdu. Rumlar, Rahip Yovakim\u2019in \u015fehirde kalmas\u0131n\u0131 istemiyorlard\u0131. Adliye ve Mezahip Naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na havale edilen bu konu hakk\u0131nda verilecek karar\u0131n Rum cemaatine b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmete tavsiye edildi. Bu arada h\u00fck\u00fcmet, Rahip Yovakim Nikola\u2019n\u0131n ahval ve hareketlerinin gizlice izlenmesi ve elde edilecek malumat\u0131n bildirilmesini istiyordu (15 A\u011fustos 1919). Ancak bir s\u00fcre sonra Rum ahali aras\u0131nda bu olaydan dolay\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ihtilaf\u0131n \u015fehirde s\u00fck\u00fbn ve asayi\u015fi bozmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in eski Metropolit Lavrandiyos\u2019un g\u00f6revine iade edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun Belediye Reisi Feridunzade Osman A\u011fa, bu esnada \u0130stanbul\u2019da divan-\u0131 harpte adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve tehcirden dolay\u0131 aran\u0131yordu. Bir s\u00fcredir havali de silahl\u0131 bir kuvvetle dola\u015f\u0131yordu. 30 Haziran 1919\u2019da Karahisar\u2019a gelen Osman A\u011fa ve maiyeti \u201cistiman\u201d ettiler (s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131lar). Karahisar mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 bu talebin Giresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, olmas\u0131n\u0131 mant\u0131ks\u0131z bulmakla beraber, bu iste\u011fin kabul edilmesinin b\u00f6lgede asayi\u015f, ve s\u00fck\u00fbnun iadesini sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131; aynca Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n etraf\u0131na toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1.000\u2019i a\u015fk\u0131n kuvveti de imhadan kurtar\u0131labilece\u011fini bildirdi (1 Temmuz 1919). Sivas Valisi Re\u015fit Bey\u2019in dehaletiyle 7 Temmuz\u2019da Meclis-i V\u00fckela Osman A\u011fa ve 169 arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fahsi hukuk sakl\u0131 kalmak ko\u015fuluyla affetti. Bu karar Dahiliye ve Adliye nezaretlerine tebli\u011f edildi. Tam bu g\u00fcnlerde Merzifon\u2019dan 3. Kolordu nakliye tabibi Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 \u015e\u00fccaeddin taraf\u0131ndan S\u00fcll\u00fc Feriduno\u011flu Osman, \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u015fik\u00e2yet edildi. \u0130ddiaya g\u00f6re Osman A\u011fa, y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 karde\u015fini tehtit etmekteydi. Dahiliye Nezareti, Trabzon\u2019dan tahkikat yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve olay\u0131n do\u011fru olmas\u0131 halinde faillerinin yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti (8 Temmuz 1919).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osman A\u011fa hakk\u0131nda b\u00f6lgedeki az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli \u015fik\u00e2yetlerde bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u015eik\u00e2yetlerden birini h\u00fck\u00fcmete bildiren (30 Temmuz 1919) \u0130ngiliz sefaretine g\u00f6re; Giresun Belediye Reisi, kasaba ileri gelenlerinden Kostantinidis\u2019in evini ku\u015fatarak 18.000 lira vermedi\u011fi takdirde evi yakacak ve Kostantinidis\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 da\u011fa kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek ad\u0131 ge\u00e7eni tehdit etmi\u015fti. Hemen ertesi g\u00fcn bu \u00e7irkin su\u00e7lamalara \u201cgayet m\u00fcstacel\u201d ve \u201cdakika te\u2019hiri gayr-i caizdir\u201d ibareli telgrafla cevap veren Giresun Kaymakam\u0131 Edip Bey, Kostantinidis\u2019in evinin abluka veya tehdit olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi. Asl\u0131nda bu s\u0131rada kazada kanunlara ayk\u0131r\u0131 hi\u00e7bir olay olmuyordu. Bu ihbar tamamen Osman A\u011fa\u2019dan intikam almaya y\u00f6nelikti. \u0130ngiliz sefaretinin \u0131srar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Dahiliye Nezareti, 2 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Giresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini Trabzon jandarma m\u00fcfetti\u015finden gelen rapora \u00e7ekti. Rapora g\u00f6re; Osman A\u011fa, \u201charekat-i gayr-i marziye\u201dde bulunmaktayd\u0131 ki; gereken kanuni i\u015flem s\u00fcrat ve \u015fiddetle uygulanmal\u0131yd\u0131. Giresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tekrar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 soru\u015fturmada Kostantinidis\u2019in \u015fehirde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Giresun kaymakam vekili Pertev Bey, olay\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle anlatmaktad\u0131r: \u201cOrduyu h\u00fcmayunun Batum\u2019u i\u015fgalinde motoru ile cephane nakl eyledi\u011fi zaman Giresun\u2019dan mute\u2019ehhil olup Batum\u2019da icray\u0131 ticaret eden Panyado\u011flu Murad Efendi isminde birisi ile m\u00fc\u015ftereken gazya\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcbaya\u2019a eyledikleri ve muahharan ya\u011flar m\u00fcsadere olundu, diyerek Murad Efendi taraf\u0131ndan haber g\u00f6nderilmesi ile Osman A\u011fa dahi validesine giderek paras\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesini istedi\u011fi ve celb olunan mezburenin al\u0131nan ifadesinde kendisine katiyen bir g\u00fcna cebr u tazyik icra olmayarak paran\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesi i\u00e7in ona yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 Osman A\u011fa kendisinden rica eyledi\u011fini ifade eylemi\u015f ve Jandarma M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi\u2019nin raporuna gelince tehcir ve taktil mes\u2019elesinden dolay\u0131 d\u00f6rt mah mukaddem divan-i harp\u00e7e taleb olunan Osman A\u011fa, hatta esnayi tehcirde burada bulunmayup o s\u0131rada muharebede oldu\u011fu halde tevkif olurum ihafesiyle \u015fehri terk ile bir m\u00fcddet k\u00f6ylerde dola\u015farak ahiren Karahisar Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na dehalet ve istiman eylemesi ile m\u00fcmaileyh ve r\u00fcfekas\u0131n\u0131n istiman\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcne Meclis-i V\u00fckela\u2019ca karar verilerek tebli\u011f olunma\u011fla \u015fehre avdet eylemi\u015ftir. Binaenaleyh leh\u00fc\u2019l-hamd kazam\u0131zca asayi\u015f berkemal olup b\u00f6yle bir halin vukuu gayr-i mahsus id\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fcsterhamd\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yap\u0131lan bu soru\u015fturman\u0131n \u0130ngilizlere bildirilmesine ra\u011fmen 12 A\u011fstos 1919\u2019da konu tekrar g\u00fcndeme getirildi. Dahiliye M\u00fclkiye M\u00fcfetti\u015fi Hilmi Bey, soru\u015fturma yaparak yukardaki beyana benzer neticeler ald\u0131. Neticede s\u00f6z konusu olay adliyeye sevk edildi (25 A\u011fustos 1919).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trabzon merkez sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Giresun ve Tirebolu kazalar\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 delege Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ne kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere se\u00e7ildiler. Bunlar Giresun\u2019dan Dr. Ali Naci (Duyduk), \u0130brahim Hamdi Bey ile Tirebolu\u2019dan Yusuf Ziya Efendi idi. Ba\u015fta \u0130brahim Hamdi Bey ve Trabzon delegeleri 23 Temmuz 1919\u2019da ba\u015flayan Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u201casker ve tepeden inme\u201d oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bu ve ba\u015fka konular\u0131 da ihtiva ederek geni\u015fleyen muhalefet, Birinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019ndeki Birinci Grup-\u0130kinci Grup \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk g\u00fcnk\u00fc oturuma Mustafa Kemal\u2019in asker \u00fcniformas\u0131 ve padi\u015fah yaveri ni\u015fanlar\u0131yla kat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u0130brahim Hamdi Bey\u2019in, \u201csivil ve milli bir toplulukta\u201d asker olarak bulunmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki uyar\u0131ya Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa uymak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Giresunlular
Giresunlular hem Birinci D\u00fcnya hem de \u0130stikl\u00e2l sava\u015flar\u0131nda maddi ve manev\u00ee b\u00fcy\u00fck fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klarda bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Erzurum Kongresi\u2019nde, \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, daha kongre bitmeden Giresun\u2019da duyuldu. Bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Osman A\u011fa, Giresun delegelerinin kongredeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanca bir tutum almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n giderek sertle\u015fen tavr\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Giresun delegeleri y\u00f6rede bar\u0131namaz duruma geldiler. Bunlardan Dr. Ali Naci Bey, yay\u0131nlamakta oldu\u011fu Karadeniz adl\u0131 gazeteyi kapatarak, \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye gitti. 6 A\u011fustos 1919\u2019da Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve Giresun\u2019un durumunu \u00f6zetleyen ilgin\u00e7 bir belgeyi aynen aktarman\u0131n faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yoruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTrabzon\u2019da asayi\u015f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Trabzon-Erzurum caddesinde bile yolcular\u0131n soyuldu\u011fu ve Lazistan\u2019da ahz-i sar ve k\u0131z ka\u00e7\u0131rmak maksad\u0131yla \u0130slamlar\u0131n yekdi\u011ferini kati eylemekte ve Ordu ve Giresun menat\u0131k\u0131nda e\u015fraf nam\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7etelerin faaliyette bulundu\u011fu ve denizde korsanl\u0131k yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve jandarman\u0131n tahsisat-\u0131 c\u00fcz\u2019iyyesinin verilmemesinden dolay\u0131 fazla para g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri taraf\u0131n amaline hadim olduklar\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin alaletinden \u0130ttihad ve Terakki taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131n iklisab-i kuvvel eyledi\u011fi ve Vilayat-i \u015earkiyye de h\u00fck\u00fcmet-i merkeziyyenin n\u00fcfuz ve h\u00e2kimiyetinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu istikl\u00e2lin Erzurum\u2019da i\u00e7tima\u2019 eden \u0130ttihad ve Terakki kongresinin c\u00fcmle-i mukarrerat\u0131ndan bulundu\u011fu ve art\u0131k \u015fekavette bulunmayacaklar\u0131na dair s\u00f6z veren \u00e7etelerin affedilmekte ve Giresunlu Osman A\u011fa ve Ordulu Yusuf Efendi gibi divan-i harbe verilmesi laz\u0131m gelenlerin memuriyetlere tayin olundu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n bir kuvve-i milliye te\u015fkil etmeleri muhtemel bulundu\u011fu ve zat-i \u00e2lilerinin \u0130ttihad ve Terakki tarafdaraniyle pek s\u0131k\u0131 m\u00fcnasebette bulunduklar\u0131 Trabzon jandarma m\u0131nt\u0131ka m\u00fcfetti\u015finden gelen raporda munderi\u00e7dir. Bu hususta izahat-i lazimenin i\u2019tas\u0131na muntaz\u0131r\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu s\u0131rada Rusya sahillerinden gelen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir Ukrayna vapurunun getirdi\u011fi 71 Rum, Giresunlularca kabul edilmemi\u015f; bunlar 9 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Trabzon\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu durum halk \u00fczerinde k\u00f6t\u00fc tesir yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk g\u00f6\u00e7men kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck fenal\u0131klara sebep olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. M\u00fctarekeden sonra Trabzon\u2019a 8.000\u2019i a\u015fk\u0131n, Giresun\u2019a ise Eyl\u00fcl 1919\u2019a kadar gelen g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 525 ki\u015fi idi. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yerli Rumlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ordu ve Giresun kasabalar\u0131nda anas\u0131, babas\u0131 ve ba\u015fka kimsesi olmayan \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc veya sa\u011flam olduklar\u0131 muayeneden sonra anla\u015f\u0131lacak olan g\u00f6\u00e7men ve m\u00fclteci yetimlerin \u0130stanbul D\u00e2r\u00fc\u2019l-Eytam\u0131\u2019na kabul edilmelerine karar verildi. Ancak \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin bu \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n nakline bir zorluk \u00e7\u0131karmamalar\u0131 maksad\u0131yla bunlar hakk\u0131nda hassasiyetle soru\u015fturma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131 tespit edilenler bir deftere kaydedilmi\u015fti. Bu defter b\u00f6lgedeki \u0130tilaf subaylar\u0131n\u0131n da onaylamas\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7ocuklar \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilebilecekti. \u00d6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, gayr-i m\u00fcslimlerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n yetimhaneye al\u0131nmalar\u0131na \u0130tilaf Devletleri mani oluyordu (9 Eyl\u00fcl 1919). Ayn\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde D\u00e2hiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131, Trabzon Vil\u00e2yeti ve Canik Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 birtak\u0131m Rum \u00e7etelerinin Salib-i Ahmer ve muhacir ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda b\u00f6lgeye sirayet ettikleri konusunda uyard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rumlar\u0131n giri\u015fimleri ile g\u00f6revden al\u0131nan Kaymakam Nizamettin Bey\u2019in yerine D\u00e2hiliye Nezareti kalem-i mahsus m\u00fcd\u00fcr muavini Badi Nedim Bey\u2019in tayini yap\u0131ld\u0131 (21 Eyl\u00fcl 1919). Badi Nedim Bey g\u00f6reve gelince Osman A\u011fa\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 sert tedbirler ald\u0131. G\u00fcnl\u00fck politikalar pe\u015finde olan kaymakam, Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki durumunu yeterince de\u011ferlendirememi\u015fti. Kaymakam, A\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir suikast giri\u015fiminde bulundu. Rizeli Ek\u015fio\u011flu Mehmed A\u011fa, pl\u00e2n\u0131 Osman A\u011fa\u2019ya haber verdi. Suikast plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen Osman A\u011fa, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiddeti ile kaymakam\u0131n \u00fczerine gitti\u2026 Kaymakam Badi Bey\u2019in evine bir bask\u0131n yaparak yata\u011f\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131p ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. Ya\u011fmurlu bir g\u00fcnde kaymakam\u0131 apar topar Tirebolu\u2019ya, oradan da Trabzon\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp valiye teslim etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhtemelen Osman A\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 cezaland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 11 Aral\u0131k 1919\u2019da Trabzon valisinin emriyle Giresun\u2019a do\u011fru bir piyade b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yola \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra Giresun kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na Badi Bey yerine eski \u00c7ar\u015famba kaymakam\u0131 Galip Bey tayin edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osman A\u011fa, Giresun ve \u00e7evresindeki gen\u00e7leri te\u015fkilatland\u0131rarak milli m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lmaya te\u015fvik etti. Bu s\u0131rada Rize mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Faik Bey de \u015fehirde hapishanede yatan 600 kadar mahk\u00fbmdan milli m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere bir m\u00fccahid taburu olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Osman A\u011fa, bu m\u00fccahid taburundan da istifade etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca Osman A\u011fa, Askerlik \u015eubesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Avni Aslan Bey ve Jandarma Komutan\u0131 Hamdi Bey\u2019le anla\u015farak ba\u015fta Giresun olmak \u00fczere Tirebolu, Rize ve Ordu\u2019dan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015finin A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n kuvvetlerine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Giresun G\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc (47. Alay) Alay\u0131n\u0131 kurdu. B\u00f6ylece Giresun ve \u00e7evresinde Osman A\u011fa sayesinde Rumlar\u0131n faaliyetleri tamamen etkisiz hale getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu alay Ermenilere kar\u015f\u0131 harek\u00e2ta kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere Kars\u2019a gitti. Oradan \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc muharebeleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda Garp cephesine g\u00f6nderildi. 25 May\u0131s 1920\u2019de Giresun\u2019a gelen bir Yunan vapuru \u015fehre bir miktar Rum, cephane ve silah indirmi\u015fti.1920 y\u0131l\u0131 sonlar\u0131nda Trabzon sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n idari yap\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131ld\u0131. Buraya ba\u011fl\u0131 Giresun ve Ordu kazalar\u0131 m\u00fcstakil birer liva haline getirildi. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik Giresunlular\u0131n 30 Ekim 1920\u2019de B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ektikleri telgrafla g\u00fcndeme getirildi. Giresunlular teklifleri kabul edilirse livan\u0131n iki y\u0131ll\u0131k tahsisatlar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131. Giresun\u2019un iktisad\u00ee ve stratejik \u00f6nemini de\u011ferlendiren B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi; Tirebolu, G\u00f6rele kazalar\u0131 ve Karahisar-\u0131 \u015eark\u00ee\u2019nin K\u0131r\u0131k nahiyesinin kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla 4 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Giresun\u2019u m\u00fcstakil sancak yapan kanunu onaylad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samsun\u2019da asayi\u015f ve huzuru sa\u011flamak \u00fczere, Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n komutas\u0131ndaki 47. Piyade Alay\u0131\u2019ndan faydalan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alay, 16 Nisan 1921\u2019de \u00dcmit vapuru ile Samsun\u2019a intikal etmi\u015f ve orada 15. T\u00fcmen deposundan yeniden silahland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ankara\u2019dan gelen kuvvetlerle takviye edilen Alay, subaylar\u0131yla birlikte 3.000 ki\u015filik bir kuvvete sahipti; ayr\u0131ca 150 ki\u015filik bir s\u00fcvari b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc maiyeti vard\u0131. Osman A\u011fa kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 \u015fehrin i\u00e7inde M\u0131nt\u0131ka Palas oteline yerle\u015ftirdi. Bu kuvvetlerden istifade ile Samsun\u2019da asayi\u015fin sa\u011flanmas\u0131ndan sonra Osman A\u011fa aleyhindeki \u015fik\u00e2yetler daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Osman A\u011fa, emrindeki 550 mevcudu ve 4 da\u011f topu ile birlikte Ko\u00e7giri ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rmak \u00fczere Sivas\u2019a gitti. Giresun Alay\u0131, Refahiye b\u00f6lgesinden ba\u015flayarak Ko\u00e7giri a\u015firetine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir darbe indirerek, harek\u00e2tta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6sterdi. Hatta merkez ordusu kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, Ko\u00e7girililere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 harek\u00e2t\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Osman A\u011fa\u2019ya te\u015fekk\u00fcr edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osman A\u011fa emrindeki g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kuvvetler d\u00fczenli orduyla birlikte Yunanl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 da sava\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 42. ve 47. Alaylar, Osman A\u011fa ve H\u00fcseyin Avni Alpaslan Bey kumandas\u0131nda A\u011fustos 1921\u2019de Sakarya cephesine sevk edildi. H\u00fcseyin Avni Bey\u2019in \u015fehit oldu\u011fu bu sava\u015flarda \u00f6zellikle Mangaltepe\u2019de b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar g\u00f6sterdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sakarya zaferinden sonra Giresun alaylar\u0131 Hamidiye k\u00f6y\u00fcnde istirahate \u00e7ekilmi\u015f ve Giresun\u2019dan gelen yeni kuvvetlerle takviye edilmi\u015fti. Bu zaferden sonra Osman A\u011fa\u2019ya kaymakaml\u0131k (yarbayl\u0131k) r\u00fctbesi verildi. Osman A\u011fa, Giresun g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc alay\u0131n\u0131n eksikliklerinin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mevcut mal ve m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcn sat\u0131lmas\u0131na haz\u0131r idi. Giresun Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 Nizameddin Bey\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 8 Haziran 1922 tarihli yaz\u0131s\u0131nda bu iste\u011fini dile getirmi\u015f ise de; Giresun t\u00fcccar\u0131 alay\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn masraf\u0131n\u0131 kendileri kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.11 A\u011fustos-16 Aral\u0131k 1921 tarihleri aras\u0131nda m\u00fclhakat hari\u00e7 sadece Giresun merkez livas\u0131ndan ihra\u00e7 edilen f\u0131nd\u0131k miktar\u0131 50.181.862 kilogram idi. 1921 y\u0131l\u0131 Trabzon ve Giresun havalisinde f\u0131nd\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bereketli bir y\u0131l olmu\u015f, \u0130stanbul liman\u0131nda Trabzon f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli miktarda alivre sat\u0131\u015flar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 6.000 \u00e7uval f\u0131nd\u0131k 37-40 kuru\u015f fiyatla Marsilya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti. F\u0131nd\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn bollu\u011fu ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yemeklik, kabu\u011funun da yakacak olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ferahl\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yakacak olarak kullan\u0131lacak 40-50 okkal\u0131k bir \u00e7uval f\u0131nd\u0131k kabu\u011fu 8-10 kuru\u015fa al\u0131nabilmekteydi. Bu y\u0131llarda Giresun\u2019da 54 f\u0131nd\u0131k k\u0131rma fabrikas\u0131, iki f\u0131nd\u0131k makineleri tamirhanesi, bir gazoz fabrikas\u0131; Bulancak\u2019ta iki tahta fabrikas\u0131, 4 f\u0131nd\u0131k k\u0131rma fabrikas\u0131, G\u00f6rele\u2019de de \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0131nd\u0131k k\u0131rma fabrikas\u0131 bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1922 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda Tirebolu\u2019da m\u00fclk\u00ee ve asker\u00ee erk\u00e2n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir yolsuzluk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Kaza kaymakam\u0131 Pertev Bey, jandarma b\u00f6l\u00fck kumandan\u0131 \u015eerif Efendi, K\u00e2hyao\u011flu Mehmet ve telgraf m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fbirli\u011fiyle haz\u0131rlanan bir tertiple postada 27.000 liradan fazla para kayba u\u011frat\u0131lmak istenmi\u015fti. Bu durum \u00fczerine Osman A\u011fa Tirebolu\u2019ya giderek olay\u0131n i\u00e7y\u00fcz\u00fc ve faillerini ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Giresun (1923) maarif alan\u0131nda Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda en \u00f6nde gelen livalardand\u0131. \u015eehirde bir numune, bir lise ve anaokulu mevcuttu. Giresun \u00f6\u011fretmenleri de her yerde oldu\u011fu gibi zaman\u0131nda maa\u015f alamamaktan \u015fik\u00e2yet etmekteydi. F\u0131nd\u0131k zaman\u0131 yarar\u0131na d\u00fczenledi\u011fi m\u00fcsamereden 25, Nil\u00fcfer Hatun okulunun m\u00fcsameresinden 52 lira gelir sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bayramda rozet h\u00e2s\u0131lat\u0131 72 liray\u0131 bulmu\u015ftu. Giresun Hil\u00e2l-i Ahmer Cemiyeti y\u00f6netim kurulu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcft\u00fc Ali Fikr\u00ee, ikinci ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na acente H\u00fcseyin, k\u00e2tipli\u011fine Ahmet Muhtar, veznedarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da Mehmet Efendiler se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Giresun\u2019da S\u0131rr\u0131 Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n vaktiyle yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fckemmel r\u0131ht\u0131m, denizin gittik\u00e7e geri \u00e7ekilmesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla anlam\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fczelli\u011fini kaybetmi\u015fti. O y\u0131llarda Giresun\u2019dan Anadolu i\u00e7lerine uzanan d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir yol bulunmay\u0131p, Karahisar yolu tamire muhta\u00e7 durumdayd\u0131.1923 y\u0131l\u0131 se\u00e7imleriyle olu\u015fan ikinci mecliste Giresun mebuslar\u0131: 1- Hacim Muhittin Bey, be\u015finci devre Karesi mebusu, 2- Hakk\u0131 Tar\u0131k Bey (Us), hukuk mezunu, muallim, yazar, Vakit gazetesi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, 3- Musa K\u00e2z\u0131m Bey, M\u00fclkiye mezunu ve Giresun Lisesi m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, 4- \u015eevket Efendi: G\u00f6rele eski m\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc, 5- Tahir Bey, Tirebolulu, eski Ziraat Bankas\u0131 memuruydu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun mill\u00ee m\u00fccadelemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir mevki olmu\u015ftur. Karadeniz insan\u0131n\u0131n tabiat\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde hemen \u0130zmir\u2019in i\u015fgali ile ba\u015flayan, Giresunlular\u0131n vatanperver ve uyar\u0131c\u0131 tepkileri milletimize manevi bir g\u00fc\u00e7 vermi\u015ftir. Giresun\u2019da fiil\u00ee \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme meydana gelmi\u015f ve bir Pontus devleti kurmak isteyen Rumlara kar\u015f\u0131 amans\u0131z bir m\u00fccadele verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Rumlara vurulan T\u00fcrk tokad\u0131 ile uydurma Pontus devleti bir daha dirilmemek \u00fczere mezara g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu m\u00fccadelede Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n faaliyetleri her t\u00fcrl\u00fc takdirin \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u015fik\u00e2yetlere yol a\u00e7an icraatlar\u0131 Rum \u00e7etecilere anlad\u0131klar\u0131 usulle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermekten meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Bu m\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda ender de olsa arzulanmayan olaylar olmas\u0131 yap\u0131lanlara g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmekten uzakt\u0131r. Giresunlular hem Birinci D\u00fcnya hem de \u0130stikl\u00e2l sava\u015flar\u0131nda maddi ve manev\u00ee b\u00fcy\u00fck fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en sava\u015flarda binlerce kahraman Giresunlu \u015fehitlik ve gazilik mertebesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun delegeleri Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Erzurum Kongresi\u2019ne sivil olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak, Kuva-yi Milliye\u2019nin sivil bir hareket oldu\u011funu vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu da Giresunlular\u0131n gelecekteki demokratik yap\u0131y\u0131 ve sivil toplumu daha o tarihte benimsedi\u011finin i\u015fareti olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Giresun bas\u0131n\u0131 mill\u00ee m\u00fccadeleyi te\u015fvik ederek, \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen vazifeyi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fckle yerine getirmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrk milletinin susturulamaz sesi ve ruhu olmu\u015ftur. Giresunlular b\u00f6lgelerine yap\u0131lmak istenen Rum isk\u00e2n\u0131na aktif olarak mani olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sayede \u015fehir homojen bir T\u00fcrk b\u00f6lgesi halinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(Kaynak: Giresun Kent K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Giresun Valili\u011fi \u0130l K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Giresun
Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n doruk \u00e7izgisi, Kelkit vadisine Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

CO\u011eRAF\u0130 KONUM VE SINIRLARI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yer alan Giresun ili, 37\u00b0 50\u2019 ve 39\u00b0 12\u2019do\u011fu boylamlar\u0131 ile 40\u00b0 07\u2019 ve 41\u00b0 08\u2019 kuzey enlemleri aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130I, do\u011fusunda Trabzon ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ordu, g\u00fcneyinde Sivas ve Erzincan, g\u00fcney-bat\u0131s\u0131nda yine Sivas illeriyle kom\u015fu olup, kuzeyi Karadeniz ile ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Giresun ili, 6.934 kilometrekarelik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n binde 8.5\u2019ini kaplamaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde il ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde iken, bu oran, k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinden i\u00e7 kesimlere do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e belirgin bir \u015fekilde il ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u0130I merkezi, Aksu ve Batlama vadileri aras\u0131nda denize do\u011fru uzanan bir yar\u0131mada \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olup bu yar\u0131madan\u0131n do\u011fusunda ve 2 kilometre a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019in tek adas\u0131 olan Giresun Adas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YERY\u00dcZ\u00dc \u015eEK\u0130LLER\u0130<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun ili, y\u00fczey \u015fekilleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ar\u0131zal\u0131 (engebeli) bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe sahiptir ve y\u00fczey \u015fekillerinin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzanan olduk\u00e7a dar ve al\u00e7ak d\u00fczl\u00fcklerden olu\u015fan bir k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi ile g\u00fcneyde Kelkit \u00c7ay\u0131 Vadisi aras\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131 meydana getirir. Do\u011fu Karadeniz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131ya do\u011fru uzanan kollar\u0131ndan biri olan Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n doruk \u00e7izgisi, Kelkit vadisine Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131nd\u0131r ve dik yama\u00e7larla iner; vadilerle yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Karadeniz taraf\u0131nda ise e\u011fim daha azd\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131 genellikle tepelik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe sahiptir. K\u0131y\u0131dan 50-60 kilometre i\u00e7eride, k\u0131y\u0131ya paralel olarak bir duvar gibi y\u00fckselen bu da\u011flar\u0131n ortalama y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 2.000 metre olmakla birlikte baz\u0131 yerlerde 3.000 metreyi a\u015far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00f6nemli y\u00fckseltiler \u015funlard\u0131r: Balaban Da\u011flar\u0131 (Abdal Musa Tepesi \u2013 3.331 m.), Gavur Da\u011f\u0131 Tepesi (3.248 m.), K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckkor Tepesi (3.044 m.), Cankurtaran Tepesi (3.278 m.), Karag\u00f6l Da\u011flar\u0131 (Karata\u015f Tepe: 3.107 m.), K\u0131rkk\u0131zlar Tepesi (3.025 m.), Y\u00fcr\u00fccek Tepesi (2.313 m.). K\u0131y\u0131ya paralel olarak uzanan bu da\u011flar \u00fczerinde, k\u0131y\u0131 ile i\u00e7 kesimler aras\u0131ndaki ula\u015f\u0131m, \u015eehitler Ge\u00e7idi (2.475 m.), E\u011fribel (2.075 m.) ve F\u0131nd\u0131kbel (1.750 m.) gibi ge\u00e7itlerle sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u015eebinkarahisar, Alucra ve G\u00fcce il\u00e7elerini i\u00e7ine alan ve daha az ar\u0131zal\u0131 olan kesimde ortalama y\u00fckseklik 1.000-1.500 m. civar\u0131nda olup, arazi Kelkit vadisine do\u011fru e\u011fimlidir. \u0130l genelinde az yer kaplayan ovalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u0131y\u0131 kesiminde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ovalar, su sorunu olmayan verimli tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131 kesimlerden ba\u015fka, i\u00e7 kesimlerde Kelkit vadisinde Avutmu\u015f Deresi\u2019nin Kelkit \u00c7ay\u0131 ile birle\u015fti\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, baz\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklere rastlan\u0131r. Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2.000 metreyi a\u015fan baz\u0131 kesimlerinde hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bir\u00e7ok yayla yer al\u0131r. Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bu yaylalar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131; K\u00fcmbet, Kulakkaya, Bekta\u015f, Tamdere, Karag\u00f6l, Egribel, Kaz\u0131kbeli yaylalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yar\u0131madan\u0131n burnunda yer alan Giresun Kalesi, bir blok halinde ve birdenbire y\u00fckselir. En y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131yla deniz aras\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k, yakla\u015f\u0131k 375 metredir. Y\u00fckselti 150 metreye yakla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Giresun Kalesi, deniz y\u00f6n\u00fcnde dik bir u\u00e7urumla son bulur. Do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcne, e\u011fimi yer yer % 50\u2019yi a\u015fan yama\u00e7larla yar\u0131may olu\u015fturacak bi\u00e7imde uzan\u0131r. G\u00fcneyde daha tatl\u0131 bir meyille anayap\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnlenir. Giresun Kalesi\u2019nden sonra ikinci en \u00f6nemli tepe, Gedikkaya\u2019d\u0131r. Giresun Kalesi\u2019ni do\u011fudan s\u0131n\u0131rlayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck vadilerle Bo\u011fac\u0131k vadisi aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselen bu tepe, kente egemen bir durumdad\u0131r. Y\u00fckseltisi 200 metrenin \u00fczerinde olup, genel yap\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Giresun Kalesi\u2019ne benzemektedir. Kuzey y\u00f6n\u00fcne \u00e7ok dik, do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcne % 2, % 50 e\u011fim g\u00f6steren yama\u00e7larla a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcney G\u00fcneydo\u011fu ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 y\u00f6nlerinde e\u011fim, % 20\u2019nin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmekte, yerle\u015fmeye ve tar\u0131msal faaliyetlere imk\u00e2n sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu iki tepe d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kent alan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok tepe ve tepecikler vard\u0131r. Bu y\u00fckseltiler genellikle dik e\u011fimli yama\u00e7larla \u00e7evrelerine a\u00e7\u0131lmakta ve yama\u00e7 tabanlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc vadiler olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Genel yap\u0131 olarak g\u00fcneyden kuzeye do\u011fru basamak basamak denize inmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Uzunlu\u011fu
Uzunlu\u011fu 80 km olan Pazar Suyu, Bulancak\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndan denize d\u00f6k\u00fclmektedir.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

AKARSULAR VE G\u00d6LLER<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun ilinin kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131 ile Kuzey Anadolu Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 kesimlerinden do\u011fan \u00e7ok say\u0131da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck akarsu vard\u0131r ve bu nedenle k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridi s\u0131k vadiler a\u011f\u0131yla yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130l topraklar\u0131ndaki akarsular\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, da\u011flar\u0131n dik yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla akt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan oluk bi\u00e7imli derin vadiler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca akarsular \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aksu:<\/strong> Karag\u00f6l b\u00f6lgesinden do\u011far. K\u0131z\u0131lta\u015f, Sar\u0131yakup, P\u0131narlar ve G\u00fcd\u00fcl b\u00f6lgelerinin sular\u0131n\u0131 toplad\u0131ktan sonra Merkez il\u00e7enin do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda Karadeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 60 kilometredir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Har\u015fit \u00c7ay\u0131 (Do\u011fankent \u00c7ay\u0131):<\/strong> G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane il s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki Vavuk yaylas\u0131ndan do\u011far. G\u00fcny\u00fcz\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda il topraklar\u0131na girer ve Tirebolu\u2019nun do\u011fusunda denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130l s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki uzunlu\u011fu 50 kilometredir. Har\u015fit \u00c7ay\u0131 \u00fczerinde Do\u011fankent I ve II hidroelektrik santralleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zl\u00fcce Deresi (Gelevera Deresi):<\/strong> Balaban Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011far ve Espiye\u2019nin do\u011fusundan Karadeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 80 kilometredir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pazar Suyu:<\/strong> Karag\u00f6l ve Y\u00fcr\u00fccek b\u00f6lgelerinin sular\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015fur ve Bulancak\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131ndan denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 80 kilometredir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u011fl\u0131 Dere:<\/strong> Erimez Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011far ve Espiye\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131ndan denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Batlama Deresi:<\/strong> \u00c7alda\u011f\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131 yamac\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Bekta\u015f Yaylas\u0131\u2019ndan do\u011far ve Merkez il\u00e7enin bat\u0131s\u0131nda denize d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Uzunlu\u011fu 40 kilometredir. Ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 olan bu akarsular yaz\u0131n da kurumaz. Yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re Har\u015fit \u00c7ay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n debisi 500 m\u00b3 ile 4 m\u00b3 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lde \u00f6nemli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte g\u00f6ller yoktur. Ancak, Karag\u00f6l k\u00fctlesinin kuzeybat\u0131, kuzey ve kuzeydo\u011fu yama\u00e7lar\u0131 10 kadar buzyala\u011f\u0131 (sirk) taraf\u0131ndan oyulmu\u015ftur. Karag\u00f6l Doru\u011fu\u2019nun kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Elmal\u0131 Buzyala\u011f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 kademeli tipik bir merdiven buzyala\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlardan taban\u0131 2.650 metre y\u00fckseklikte ve en a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da olan\u0131nda Elmal\u0131g\u00f6l adl\u0131 bir buzyala\u011f\u0131 (sirk) g\u00f6l\u00fc yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Derinli\u011fi 10 metre \u00e7ap\u0131 100 metre kadar olan bu g\u00f6l\u00fcn g\u00fcney, do\u011fu ve kuzeydo\u011fusunu 400 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde dik duvarlar \u00e7evirir. G\u00f6l\u00fcn kuzeybat\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131k kesimi irili ufakl\u0131 bloklardan olu\u015fmu\u015f buzulta\u015f (moren) setiyle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Karag\u00f6l k\u00fctlesi, \u00fc\u00e7 yandan ortalama 500-600 metre y\u00fckseklikte dik duvarlarla \u00e7evrili ve kuzeyi a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir at nal\u0131 bi\u00e7imindedir. \u00c7ap\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 kilometre olan bu at nal\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fu duvarlar\u0131 birer koltuk iskemlesini and\u0131ran tipik buzyalaklar\u0131yla kemirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlardan Kurug\u00f6l I (2.640 m.), Kurug\u00f6l II (2.660 m.), Ayg\u0131rg\u00f6l\u00fc (2.760 m.) kuru birer buzyala\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Camilig\u00f6l (2.750 m.) ve Ba\u011f\u0131rsak G\u00f6l\u00fc (2.710 m.) ise birer buzyala\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6lleridir. Camili g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ap\u0131 150 metreyi a\u015far. Kurug\u00f6l buzyalaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcneyden ku\u015fatan dik yama\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00fcst kesiminde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir buzul vard\u0131r. 2.810 metre y\u00fckseklikten ba\u015flayan buzulun uzunlu\u011fu 100-150 metre kadard\u0131r. Jeomorfolojik ve turistik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bu buzul Bekta\u015f Yaylas\u0131\u2019ndan da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Karag\u00f6l k\u00fctlesinin kuzeydo\u011fu yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda ise Sa\u011frak (2.750 m.) ve Avlak (2.670 m.) adl\u0131 iki buzyala\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Sa\u011frak buzyala\u011f\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir g\u00f6l vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130KL\u0130M \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER\u0130<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131ya paralel olarak uzan\u0131\u015f\u0131, il topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde iki farkl\u0131 iklim b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 iklim s\u00fcrer. Uzun s\u00fcreli g\u00f6zlemlerin ortalamas\u0131na g\u00f6re, merkezde y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131 14.2\u00b0 C\u2019d\u0131r-r. En so\u011fuk ay (\u015eubat) ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 6.9\u00b0 C, en s\u0131cak ay (A\u011fustos) ortalamas\u0131 ise, 22.3\u00b0 C\u2019d\u0131r. \u015eimdiye kadar Giresun\u2019da kaydedilen en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k, 6 \u015eubat 1960\u2019da -9.8\u00b0 C, en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ise 4 Ekim 1952\u2019de 37.3\u00b0 C olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar pek boldur (Y\u0131l ortalamas\u0131 1.305 mm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u0130RESUN\u2019DA YIL BOYUNCA HAVA DURUMU<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

En \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f Ekim ve Kas\u0131m, en az ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ise May\u0131s ve Haziran aylar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n en fazla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aylarda, ayl\u0131k ortalama ya\u011f\u0131\u015f 140 milimetreyi a\u015farken, en az d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aylarda 60 milimetrenin alt\u0131na inmez. Ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerin ortalama say\u0131s\u0131 184, kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 g\u00fcnler 6, karla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00fcnler say\u0131s\u0131 11\u2019dir. K\u0131y\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu iklim \u015fartlar\u0131 da\u011fl\u0131k kesimlerde ve Kelkit havzas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n denize bakan yama\u00e7lar\u0131 daha da ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r (2000 mm.). K\u0131\u015flar daha serttir, kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc daha uzun s\u00fcre kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve yazlar daha serindir. Kelkit Vadisi\u2019nde ise; k\u0131\u015flar sert, ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar azd\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131daki Giresun kenti y\u0131lda ortalama olarak 1.200 \u2013 1.300 milimetre ya\u011f\u0131\u015f al\u0131rken, \u015eebinkarahisar bunun yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar bile ya\u011f\u0131\u015f almaz. En \u00e7ok ya\u011f\u0131\u015f da k\u0131y\u0131 kesiminin tersine ilkbaharda d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Giresun,
Giresun, 800 metre y\u00fckseltiye kadar find\u0131k bah\u00e7eleriyle kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

B\u0130TK\u0130 \u00d6RT\u00dcS\u00dc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, iklim \u00f6zellikleri ve y\u00fckseltiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir. \u0130klim ko\u015fullar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da ilin iki kesimi aras\u0131nda farklar vard\u0131r. \u0130lin kuzey kesiminde k\u0131y\u0131 ovalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki yama\u00e7lar 800 metre y\u00fckseltiye kadar find\u0131k bah\u00e7eleriyle kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Giderek daha y\u00fckseklere do\u011fru k\u0131z\u0131la\u011fa\u00e7, kestane, g\u00fcrgen, me\u015fe ve kay\u0131nlara, 1.600 metreden sonra da k\u00f6knar, ladin ve sar\u0131\u00e7amlardan olu\u015fan ormanlara rastlan\u0131r. Orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc 2.000 metrede sona erer. Daha y\u00fcksek alanlarda Alp tipi g\u00fcr \u00e7ay\u0131rlarla kapl\u0131 yaylalar yer al\u0131r. Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydeki \u00c7oruh-Kelkit Vadi Olu\u011fu\u2019na bakan kesiminde ise, daha \u00e7ok me\u015felerden olu\u015fan kurakgil ormanlar ve bozk\u0131r (step) bitkileri on plana \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130l arazisinin % 25\u2019si tar\u0131m alan\u0131, % 34\u2019\u00fc orman ve fundal\u0131k alan, % 18\u2019si \u00e7ay\u0131r ve mera ve % 25\u2019i tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 araziden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JEOLOJiK YAPI<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Giresun ilinin bir\u00e7ok yerinde, \u00f6zellikle kuzey kesiminde \u00dcst-Kretase volkanik fasiyesli (minarelleri bile\u015fim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan her yerde ayn\u0131 olan yer katman\u0131na verilen ad) arazi \u00e7ok geni\u015f yer kaplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alp orojenezli k\u00f6kenli k\u0131vr\u0131m da\u011flar\u0131ndan olan Giresun Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ekirde\u011fini granodiyoritli bir temel olu\u015fturur. Mezozoik (\u0130kinci Jeolojik Zaman) ve Tersiyer (\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Jeolojik Zaman) ya\u015fl\u0131 bu gen\u00e7 k\u0131vr\u0131m da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve daha sonraki d\u00f6nemde k\u0131vr\u0131lmalar, k\u0131r\u0131lmalar ve bindirmeler olmu\u015f; zaman zaman meydana gelen volkanizma olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 500 metreyi bulan p\u00fcsk\u00fcr\u00fck bir dizi ile \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011flar\u0131n bat\u0131 kesimini olu\u015fturan Karag\u00f6l k\u00fctlesinin kuzeyinde glasyal \u015fekillere rastlan\u0131r. Bu k\u00fctledeki Pleistosen (yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.5 milyon-10 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce) glasyonu, sirkler i\u00e7inde yer alan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck neveler ve bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru sarkmas\u0131 ile temsil edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alucra\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde \u00dcst-Kretase ve flis tabakalar\u0131yla Sar\u0131\u00e7i\u00e7ek Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda Alt-Kretase k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 tabakalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca yap\u0131y\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. Bunun bat\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015eebinkarahisar il\u00e7esinde Oligosen-Miyosen devrine ait jipsli killere rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

122 kilometre uzunlu\u011fa sahip Giresun ili k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek falezlerle belirginle\u015fen pasifik tipi k\u0131y\u0131lar (boyuna k\u0131y\u0131lar) h\u00e2kimdir. Bu dik ve y\u00fcksek falezli k\u0131y\u0131lar aras\u0131nda yer yer kumsallar olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. K\u0131ta platformu (self) geni\u015f de\u011fildir. Bu durum, ilin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve jeomorfolojik geli\u015fimi ile ilgilidir. Derinlik k\u0131sa bir mesafede -200 metreye varmakta, sonra birden -1000 metreye kadar inmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"Giresun\"<\/center>
\nKaradeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin Do\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer alan Giresun ili, 37,50 ve 39,12 do\u011fu boylamlar\u0131 ile 40,07 ve 41,08 kuzey enlemleri aras\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u0130l do\u011fusunda Trabzon ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ordu, g\u00fcneyinde Sivas ve Erzincan, g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda yine Sivas illeriyle kom\u015fu olup, kuzeyi Karadeniz ile ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Giresun ili, 6934 km2<\/sup> y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ile \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n binde 8.5\u2019ini kaplamaktad\u0131r. 2022 [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kucukgeris.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}